（1） Water-retaining structures: such as various dams and sluices, embankments, seawalls, etc.

（2） River regulation buildings: They are buildings used to improve the flow conditions of rivers, adjust the effect of river flow on the river bed and river banks, and protect the bank slopes from erosion by waves and currents in reservoirs and lakes, such as groynes, dams, and diversion banks. , bottom protection and bank protection, etc.

（3） Classification of permanent buildings

（4） Temporary buildings refer to buildings used during project construction, such as cofferdams, diversion tunnels, diversion open channels, etc.

（1） Permanent load: Including the self-weight of the structure, the self-weight of permanent equipment, ground stress, surrounding rock pressure, earth pressure, prestressed anchor load, and siltation pressure.

（2） Variable loads: including hydrostatic pressure, external water pressure, uplift pressure, dynamic water pressure, wind load, snow load, ice pressure, frost heave force, wave pressure, floor live load, platform live load, bridge machine load, gate opening Shutdown load, temperature load, grouting load, soil void water pressure, mooring force, impact force, etc.

（3） 3. Accidental loads: including hydrostatic pressure, earthquake loads, etc. during flood verification.

（1） Gravity dams rely on their own weight to maintain stability

（2） A sluice is a low-head hydraulic structure that can regulate water levels and control flow.

（1） Gravity dam instability generally occurs at the contact surface between the dam bottom and bedrock.

（1） Strength and stability are two important aspects that indicate the safety of a building. Usually includes internal forces, stresses, deformations, displacements and cracks.

（2） The methods of gravity dam stress analysis can be summarized into two categories: theoretical analysis and model testing.

（3） Commonly used theoretical analysis methods include the mechanics of materials method and the finite element method.

（4） There are three methods for stress analysis of arch dams: theoretical analysis, structural model testing and prototype observation.

（5） Theoretical analysis methods mainly include pure arch method, arch-beam load-sharing method, finite element method and shell theory method.

（1） The main contents of seepage analysis include: determining the seepage pressure, determining the seepage slope (or flow rate); determining the seepage amount.

（2） For earth-rock dams, the location of the infiltration line should also be determined.