Introduction to Comenius
17th century Czech educational theorist
Committed to realizing the ideal of popularizing education and making education serve real life
Summarizes teaching practice experience and systematically discusses theoretical and practical issues in education
Great teaching theory is the beginning of modern pedagogy
Great contribution to the development of world education
important position in world education history
Works of Comenius
Theory of Great Pedagogy, the first educational book in modern times in the West
the universal art of teaching all things to all men
Content: Praise for teachers, the most proud profession
Demonstrate the macro vision of national organizational structure and education
Explain the school's system, principles and methods to ensure that teaching is carried out in an orderly manner
Evaluation marks that education has become an independent discipline
The first educational book in modern times
On the Purpose and Function of Education
Purpose
Religious Preparation for life in the afterlife
Reality Cultivate people with "knowledge, virtue, and piety" to enable people to understand and study everything in the world in order to enjoy happiness in this world
effect
To society, to build society, to build a country,
For individuals, highly value the role of education on people. Anyone can develop their intelligence by receiving reasonable education.
For religion, education is the main means of human salvation. It has limitations and exaggerates the role of education.
On the principle of education adapting to nature
(fundamental guiding principle)
content
The central idea is that education should obey the universal order, that is, follow objective laws
Education based on human nature and children’s age characteristics
evaluate
Educational theoretical research is liberated from the shackles of theology, moves towards the scientific road, and achieves breakthrough progress in educational theory.
Citing nature and using analogies with natural or social phenomena to discuss educational issues is one-sided.
On popular education and pan-intellectual education
Universal education
The core idea is that everyone can receive education. The core is the idea of pan-intelligence.
reason
Discuss the possibility of universal education
Education based on children's physical and mental characteristics All children have the psychological quality to receive universal education
Conducive to the mastery of all knowledge necessary for mankind, accessible to all people and all classes
practice
Widely establish pan-smart schools
Adopt class teaching system
implement academic year system
Compile unified pan-intelligence textbooks
Establish a unified academic system across the country
Establish school inspector
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The basis for the idea of universal education proposed for the first time is people's understanding of the characteristics of children's physical and mental development.
The theoretical system is relatively complete
A complete description of the national educational system
Caring about the children of poor people
Shine the light of democracy for everyone, rich or poor
Rich educational content
Pan-intellectual thought advocates that learning content is broad and rich
religious
There are limitations in understanding, insufficient understanding of important issues, and religious overtones in thoughts.
Pan-smart school
The core of popular education is pan-intelligence thinking. Pan-intelligence thinking is manifested in the establishment of pan-intelligence schools.
Pan-intellectual thought is the core of his educational theory and the starting point and destination for his educational practice and research on educational theory.
The so-called pan-intelligence means teaching everything to everyone
and believes that all children can educate adults
Pan-intelligence of educational content
Master all the knowledge necessary for human beings
Popularization of educational objects
Regardless of whether you are rich or poor, the school opens its doors to all people.
Pan-intellectual schools are places where pan-intellectual thinking is practiced
It is also an encyclopedic education for everyone
Adopt a class teaching system in Pan-Intelligence schools, implement a school year system, and compile unified Pan-Intelligence teaching materials
On teaching principles, on moral education, on health education (teacher construction education)
On teaching principles
The first systematic summary of teaching principles
intuitiveness principle
Intuitive teaching starts with observing real things
The teaching of natural science knowledge mostly adopts the method of visits and experiments.
The principle of stimulating students’ thirst for knowledge (the principle of conscious initiative)
Before imparting knowledge, stimulate curiosity and guide conscious and active learning.
the principle of consolidability
Teach truly useful subjects Valuable knowledge
Step by step, lay a solid foundation
principle of quantification
Proceeding from the principle of adapting education to nature, the principle of quantity based on ability is proposed for the first time
Reflect the objective laws of teaching work
Systematic and step-by-step principles
Carry out step by step according to children’s age characteristics and understanding ability.
Teaching gradually develops according to a certain order and stages
Provide students with systematic and relevant knowledge
heuristic induction principle
Mobilize children's consciousness and enthusiasm for learning
Oppose forcing students to study and inspire students to love learning
On Moral Education
Separate from religious education and become an independent part
The importance of moral education
Attaching great importance to it is more important than intellectual education and “putting moral education first”
“Learn virtue first and then learn wisdom”
Moral education content
Prudence, temperance, fortitude and justice are the basic contents
Incorporate into labor education
moral education methods
Start positive education as early as possible
Develop the habit of ethical behavior through action
Maxims and rules of conduct
On health education
Advocate to improve the quality of life and view life span from a dialectical perspective
Pay attention to physical maintenance and exercise
Emphasize that the healthy cultivation of children begins with the mother’s prenatal education. Prenatal education is also the starting point of preschool education.
The historical status and influence of Comenius’ educational thought
In theory, Comenius laid the foundation for the development of modern bourgeois educational theory.
Comenius was a democratic educational theorist
First of all, the role and purpose of education reflect the democratic nature
Secondly, we talk about education based on the naturalistic laws of physical and mental development.
Finally, his thoughts on pan-intellectual education and popular education both embody democracy.
Comenius was an educational practitioner who explored the construction of national institutions
Proposed the academic system for the first time
Establishing an education management system for the first time
For the first time, school systems such as the academic year system and the class teaching system were proposed
Improve and summarize teaching principles for the first time
Comenius was a prolific educational writer
Great Teaching Theory Educational Works
Maternity School Preschool Education Books
World Illustrated Children's Picture Reading Textbook
Introduction to Linguistics
In practice, Comenius was committed to popularizing education and making education serve real life
Open a pan-intelligence school and compile unified textbooks
Practice the principle of adapting education to nature, pan-smart education and popularizing educational ideas
Created the first single-track education system from preschool to university in the history of Western education
Systematically discuss the academic year system and class teaching system
Propose teaching principles, moral education, health education, school system and other ideas, and strive to apply them in practice
In terms of communication, Comenius is a world-class educator who has made great contributions to mankind.
The educational ideas of establishment and construction of schools have become the basic structure of the internationally accepted school education system.
Discuss the rules of teaching work, propose teaching principles and methods for reforming the old system, and lay the foundation for modern teaching theory.
limitation
Educational ideology has strong religious overtones
Believe that humans are God’s creation and part of nature
Methodological limitations
Using analogies with natural or social phenomena Some conclusions are far-fetched
To sum up, Comenius is a great educator who laid the foundation for the modern educational theoretical system in Europe.
Inheriting the achievements of humanistic educational thought since the Renaissance
Summarize your own educational practice experience
Systematically discuss educational theory and practical issues
Great teaching theory is world-renowned
Make great contributions to the development of world education and have a particularly important position in the history of world education
Academic year system and class teaching system (school construction education)
academic year system
Students are only admitted once a year, and the semester starts at the same time and they have holidays at the same time
At the end of the school year, students in the same grade who pass the exam will be promoted at the same time to unify their learning progress.
School work is properly arranged on a monthly, weekly, daily, and timely basis.
class teaching system
The most efficient teaching organization form requires the replacement of individual teaching
Divide children of different ages and knowledge levels into different classes for class teaching
Provide a theoretical basis for the thorough reform of individual teaching and promote the development of universal education
Promote the institutionalization and standardization of school teaching management
Make great contributions to world education
However, it is unscientific to overemphasize collective teaching and ignore individual guidance. It is believed that the more students in each class, the better.
Unified academic system and unified management (national construction education)
unified academic system
content
Easily manage schools across the country so that all children have the opportunity to go to school
Four stages corresponding schools
1 to 6 years old, infancy-maternal education school-spring-each family
6 to 12 years old, childhood-Mandarin school-summer-each village
12 to 18 years old, adolescence-Latin school-autumn-each city
18～24 years old Youth-College-Winter-Each Kingdom
evaluate
Based on pan-intellectual thinking, a unified school system was proposed for the first time
This idea of establishing a nationally unified school system that is both segmented and connected has a great influence on the development of Western education.
It is on this basis that various countries establish public school systems.
Unified management (Comenius’s educational and teaching management ideas)
Systematic, complete and original educational and teaching management ideas
State management of education
The state should assume the responsibility for establishing schools
Education transforms society, builds the country, and plays a role in human development
Therefore, the country attaches great importance to education and establishes schools universally
The state should assume the responsibility of supervising schools
Supervise national education to ensure the unified development of national education
The state’s construction of the school system
The ideological construction of a unified academic system
The principle of adapting education to nature
Every family has a maternal school
There is a Mandarin school in every village
Every city has a liberal arts middle school
Each kingdom or province has a university
Universal education and public school systems in various countries have developed on this basis.
Establish a school teaching management system
Academic year system, class teaching system, examination system, improve efficiency, promote the formation of student collectives
Providing possibilities for the institutionalization and standardization of school teaching management
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