MindMap Gallery Mechanical-Interchangeability and Technical Measurement Chapter 3 Mind Map
A mind map on Chapter 3 of Mechanical Interchangeability and Technical Measurement, including shape tolerance, direction, position and runout tolerance, tolerance principles, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-05 01:00:50Explore the intricate lineage of the Crown Royal Family Tree, showcasing the House of Windsor and its notable members. From Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip's legacy to their childrenKing Charles III, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edwarddiscover the marriages and offspring that shape the modern monarchy. Notable branches include the heir apparent, Prince William, and his brother, Prince Harry, alongside their families. Delve into Prince Philip's roots in the House of Glücksburg, connecting British royalty to Denmark and Greece. Join us in tracing this remarkable royal heritage!
This is a panoramic infographic—currently sweeping across the web—illustrating the comprehensive applications of OpenClaw, a popular open-source AI agent platform. It systematically introduces this intelligent agent framework—affectionately dubbed "Lobster Farming"—helping readers quickly grasp its core value, technical features, application scenarios, and security protocols. It serves as an excellent introductory guide and practical manual.
這是一張最近風靡全網關於熱門開源AI代理平台OpenClaw的全網應用全景圖解。它系統性地介紹了這款被稱為「養龍蝦」的智慧體框架,幫助讀者快速理解其核心價值、技術特性、應用場景及安全規範,是一份極佳的入門指南與實操手冊。此圖主要針對希望利用AI建構自動化工作流程的技術從業人員、中小企業主及效率追求者,透過9大模組層層遞進,全面剖析了OpenClaw從概念到落地的整個過程。 圖中核心內容首先釐清了「養龍蝦」指涉的是OpenClawd開源智能體,並強調其本質是「AI基建」而非一般聊天機器人。隨後詳細比較其與傳統AI助理的區別,擁有記憶管理、權限控制、會話隔離和異常恢復四大基礎能力,支援跨平台存取和多模型相容(如GPT、Claude、Ollama)。同時,圖解提供了完整的部署方案(雲端/本地/Docker),並列舉了辦公室自動化、內容創作、資料收集等五大應用程式場景。此外,還展示了其火爆程度、政府與大廠佈局、安全部署建議及適合/不適合的人群分類。幫助你快速掌握OpenClaw技術架構與應用價值,指導個人或企業建構AI自動化系統,規避資料外洩與權限失控風險,是學習「執行式AI」轉型的權威參考圖譜。
Explore the intricate lineage of the Crown Royal Family Tree, showcasing the House of Windsor and its notable members. From Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip's legacy to their childrenKing Charles III, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, and Prince Edwarddiscover the marriages and offspring that shape the modern monarchy. Notable branches include the heir apparent, Prince William, and his brother, Prince Harry, alongside their families. Delve into Prince Philip's roots in the House of Glücksburg, connecting British royalty to Denmark and Greece. Join us in tracing this remarkable royal heritage!
This is a panoramic infographic—currently sweeping across the web—illustrating the comprehensive applications of OpenClaw, a popular open-source AI agent platform. It systematically introduces this intelligent agent framework—affectionately dubbed "Lobster Farming"—helping readers quickly grasp its core value, technical features, application scenarios, and security protocols. It serves as an excellent introductory guide and practical manual.
這是一張最近風靡全網關於熱門開源AI代理平台OpenClaw的全網應用全景圖解。它系統性地介紹了這款被稱為「養龍蝦」的智慧體框架,幫助讀者快速理解其核心價值、技術特性、應用場景及安全規範,是一份極佳的入門指南與實操手冊。此圖主要針對希望利用AI建構自動化工作流程的技術從業人員、中小企業主及效率追求者,透過9大模組層層遞進,全面剖析了OpenClaw從概念到落地的整個過程。 圖中核心內容首先釐清了「養龍蝦」指涉的是OpenClawd開源智能體,並強調其本質是「AI基建」而非一般聊天機器人。隨後詳細比較其與傳統AI助理的區別,擁有記憶管理、權限控制、會話隔離和異常恢復四大基礎能力,支援跨平台存取和多模型相容(如GPT、Claude、Ollama)。同時,圖解提供了完整的部署方案(雲端/本地/Docker),並列舉了辦公室自動化、內容創作、資料收集等五大應用程式場景。此外,還展示了其火爆程度、政府與大廠佈局、安全部署建議及適合/不適合的人群分類。幫助你快速掌握OpenClaw技術架構與應用價值,指導個人或企業建構AI自動化系統,規避資料外洩與權限失控風險,是學習「執行式AI」轉型的權威參考圖譜。
Chapter 3 Geometric Tolerance Testing
Overview
The occurrence and impact of geometric errors
Affects the functional requirements of the part
Affects the fit properties of parts
Affects the assembleability of parts
Geometric elements and classification of parts
Divided according to geometric structure characteristics
Component elements (outline elements)
Export features (center features)
Divided by state of existence
ideal elements
actual elements
Divided according to position in geometric tolerances
Measured elements
datum features
Divided by functional relationship
single element
associated elements
Characteristic items and symbols for geometric tolerances
Shape tolerance: straightness, flatness, roundness, cylindricity, line profile, surface profile
Direction tolerance: parallelism, perpendicularity, inclination, line profile, surface profile
Position tolerance: position, concentricity (for center point), coaxiality (for axis), symmetry, line profile, surface profile
Runout tolerance: circular runout, total runout
Shape tolerance
Form Tolerances and Tolerance Zones
Shape tolerance is used to limit the shape error of the part itself
Measured elements of form tolerance: shape, orientation, position and size
Characteristics of the tolerance zone: no datum, direction and position are floating
Assessment principles for shape errors
It means that the maximum change of the measured element relative to the ideal element is the smallest
Orientation, position and runout tolerances
Benchmarks and classifications
single benchmark
portfolio benchmark
benchmark system
Directional tolerance and tolerance zone
Directional tolerance refers to the total amount of variation allowed in the direction of the associated elements relative to the datum.
The directional tolerance zone has a certain direction relative to the datum, and has the function of comprehensively controlling the direction error and shape error of the measured element.
Position tolerance and tolerance zone
Position tolerance refers to the total amount of variation allowed in the position of the associated elements relative to the datum.
The position tolerance zone has a definite position relative to the datum and has the function of comprehensively controlling the position, direction and shape of the measured element.
Runout tolerance and tolerance zone
Circular runout tolerance
Measured elements: cylindrical surface, conical surface and end surface
Datum elements: axis
Definition: The measured element rotates one circle relative to the datum element, while the probe does not move relative to the datum. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the obtained indication table is the maximum variation.
Full runout tolerance
Measured elements: cylindrical surface and end surface
Datum elements: axis
Definition: The measured element rotates multiple times relative to the datum element, and at the same time the probe moves relative to the datum. The difference between the maximum and minimum values of the indicator table obtained is the maximum variation.
Tolerance principle
Commonly used terms related to tolerance principles
Extract local dimensions of component features
The effect size of a single element
In vitro action size
In vivo action size
The effect size of associated features
Maximum entity status and maximum entity size
Minimum entity size for minimum entity state
Minimum entity effect state and minimum entity effect size
ideal boundary
Tolerance principle
principle of independence
related requirements
Inclusion requirements
Maximum entity requirements
Geometric tolerance standards and regulations for unspecified geometric tolerance values
Geometric Tolerance Standards
Tolerance value
No tolerance value noted
No geometric tolerance value specified
Straightness, flatness, perpendicularity, symmetry and circular runout are determined by specified unspecified tolerance values.
Tolerance levels: H, K, L, decreasing in order
Selection of geometric tolerances
Selection of geometric tolerance items
Purpose of selection: to ensure the functional requirements of the machine or instrument, improve product quality, and reduce manufacturing costs
Consider the geometric characteristics of the part, the functional requirements of the part, the control function of the geometric tolerance, and the convenience and economy of detection.
Selection of tolerance principles
principle of independence
related requirements
Selection of geometric tolerance values
On the premise of meeting the functional requirements of the part, use a lower tolerance level as much as possible
Selection of datum features
Selection of base parts
Choice of base quantity
Base order arrangement
Annotation of geometric tolerances
tolerance grid
Labeling of measured elements
Labeling of datum features
Marking of theoretically correct dimensions
Detection of geometric errors
Detection principles of geometric errors
Compare with theoretical elements
Principles of measuring coordinate values
Principles of measuring characteristic parameters
Measurement runout principles
Inspection equipment: inspection flat plate, knife edge ruler (knife edge ruler), frame level, plug gauge, deflection meter, wide base square, V-shaped iron
Geometric error detection methods: 1. Straight line error detection (gap method, indicator needle method) 2. Flatness error detection (interference method, indicator needle method) 3. Roundness error detection (two-point method measurement, three-point method measurement ) 4. Parallelism detection (face-to-face parallelism error detection, line-to-line parallelism error detection) 5. Verticality error measurement (face-to-face verticality error detection, face-to-line verticality error detection) 6. Coaxiality Degree error detection (detection of axis-to-axis coaxiality error, detection of hole-to-hole coaxiality error) 7. Symmetry error detection (face-to-face symmetry error detection, face-to-line symmetry error measurement) 8. Circle Detection of runout and total runout (radial circular runout detection, axial circular runout detection, radial full runout detection)