Distinguishing method

Assessment direction

basic structure

Assessment direction

statistical inference

A clear plan is given in the question and the purpose of the entire reasoning paragraph is to propose this plan.

Feasibility: Does the plan really achieve its goals?

Operability: Is the solution really realistic? Can we operate this solution?

Side effects: Will there be any bad side effects after the plan is implemented?

Don’t dismiss options you think are irrelevant, especially if they involve side effects

Since two events are related, they are considered to be causally linked.

Interrelated classification

Premise: There is a positive correlation between A and B

Conclusion: A causes B

Correlation exists: Under some other circumstances, is there still a positive (negative) correlation between A and B? A typical weakening option is: at a certain time/place, there is no longer a positive correlation between A and B.

Causal indirectness: Is there any way to show that the causal relationship between A and B is caused by an indirect intervening variable, that is, "A causes C, and C causes B?" or "A and C together cause B?"

Causal direction: Is it possible that the causal relationship goes from B to A instead of from A to B?

Independent third factor (other cause): Is there a C that can cause both A and B?

Start from the known results and find the reasons

Starting from known inferences, trace the reasons

A kind of reasoning that starts from a given phenomenon and explores its explanation.

Sequential causal logic: because event A, therefore event B

(Result) Premise: Phenomenon or event A occurred

(Cause) Conclusion: Event A must have happened

The two events discussed in the premise and conclusion are completely different, and you can feel the gap between them; The event discussed in the conclusion logically precedes the event discussed in the premise

Explain the results: Is there another event C that is the cause of event B? That is, it is not event A that causes event B, but event C that causes event B?

Causal connection: Are event A and event B really causally connected?

Sequential causal logic: because event A, therefore event B

Premise: Event A has occurred

Conclusion: Event B will happen

The premise is the logical cause and the conclusion is the logical effect.

Interfering factors: Are there other factors that interfere with or counteract the outcome in this situation?

Causal connection: Are event A and event B really causally connected?

Questioning any link in this causal chain can complete the weakening of the slippery slope argument.

Semantics: Argument

Explanation: All parts except questions and options are arguments

Semantics: Conclusion

Explanation: A supported sentence in the passage. There may be multiple conclusions in the blackface question, but the main conclusion must refer to the final conclusion of the passage.

Semantics: stance

Explanation: Conclusions are a subset of positions. A conclusion is a position, but a position is not necessarily a conclusion. The main conclusion is the position of the article.

Semantics: premise

Explanation: The premise has only one role and function, which is to support the conclusion

Explanation: Indicates the premise or CQ sentence of an inference

In the blackface question, the content of the attributive clauses behind these words is more important than themselves

refute

Note that defend itself means defense and support.

Goal refers specifically to the goal of a certain program