Some people cannot distinguish between explaining an understanding of something and advocating for it

Behavioral definition, not subjective consciousness

Is the "fittest" an individual, a species, a species, or something else?

Biological evolution is "for the benefit of its group"

The basic unit of selection is the gene, which is the basic unit of self-interest.

A group of selfless people will be destroyed by selfish rebels. The system is not steady state.

Falsification by Gui Miao method

"Group selection theory" is a popular misunderstanding

The original form of natural selection is the rejection of unstable patterns by stable patterns.

Chemical raw materials: carbon dioxide, water, methane, ammonia, etc.

Reaction conditions: volcano, sunlight, lightning

Products: Amino acids, purines and pyrimidines that make up replication factors

The structure itself is stable and exists for a long time

Copying errors is necessary for evolution, but nothing "wants" to evolve

Limited resources

struggle for survival

Replication factors make proteins, cells, and organisms to protect themselves and improve their ability to survive.

The shorter the genetic unit, the longer it survives and the less likely it is to break apart due to crossover

A cistron is less than 1% of a chromosome

Several cistrons can be closely combined through chromosomal inversions to complement or strengthen each other to form a new gene whole.

Genes are generally between cistrons and chromosomes

A gene can theoretically survive as a copy of itself for 100 million years

Genes can be passed on in many copies

Genes are granular

Gene bank is the new soup of genetic life

If it works well with other genes, it usually has a better chance of survival.

Rower selection, carnivore, herbivore teeth and intestines

In the gene pool, late-active lethal genes and semi-lethal genes accumulate and escape the net of natural selection.

Response: Delay reproduction, impose age selection pressure; “fool genes”, suppress expression

Having genes that control sexual reproduction and exchange, and being able to derive survival benefits from doing so

Analogy to mutator genes with control mutations

Sense organs, neurons that conduct signals, the brain that controls and coordinates functions, and muscles that perform mechanical movements

chess program

Gene provides overall strategic instructions: please take whatever action you feel is most appropriate to ensure our existence

The quality of the program is related to the survival of the survival machine - the death of the gene

Evolution tends to form consciousness - purposefulness

Survival machines are liberated and become decision-makers with executive capabilities

mole and blackbird

Human individuals are able to use their conscious foresight to understand that abiding by covenants is in their best interests.

monopoly price

New genes occasionally succeed in invading a stable gene pool and spread

An unstable transitional phase then occurs, culminating in the formation of a new set of evolutionarily stable genes

counterattack strategist

Bullying Strategist

lie openly

"Remainers" and "Intruders"

Body size, fighting ability and fighting memory

The genetic "generation distance" of relatives represents the genetic similarity in the body

"Relative-Friendly Guidelines"

Parents have greater ability to survive

Children’s life expectancy and reproductive capacity are stronger

Individuals who possess more than they can support mostly do so out of ignorance

You can't have an unnatural welfare state unless you also have unnatural birth control

There is corresponding deceptive behavior

A invests in B at the expense of A's ability to invest in other individuals, including itself.

It is uneconomical for a small person to receive too much parental investment.

Generally speaking, when it comes to life and death, you should save the elderly and avoid duplication of investment.

It does not involve life and death, but young individuals should be invested, and the elderly should be self-reliant.

Deception, blackmail and horrific murder

Weaning

Small child effect: When the expected return of a small child from parental investment is less than half that of other young children, he should voluntarily die.

Parental identification to better weigh investments and maximize your own gene transmission rate

4% of walrus males occupy 88% of mating

Theoretically, male individuals are "low value and easy to consume", while female individuals are more valuable.

Genetic natural selection pressure forces the proportion of children to reach a stable equilibrium

Except for in vitro fertilized fish

Once abandoned

Happy Family Strategy: Populations consisting primarily of shy females and loyal males are evolutionarily stable

b. Male chauvinism: Since they are to be abandoned, female individuals will only mate with the best males to improve the quality of their offspring.

Hyenas, spiders, emperor penguins, fish, birds and more

The geometry of the selfish herd

bird alarm sound

gazelle jumping

social insects

Female (diploid): worker (sterile), queen; male (haploid)

Reproductive insects (queen and males) have wings

The probability that the male and female worms born by the queen contain a certain gene of their own genes is 1/2.

In a slave-free insect colony, the sex ratio is adjusted to 1:3 according to the wishes of the workers.

In a group that raised slaves, the queen was able to "cheat" the nanny, and the gender ratio was 1:1

The concept of "God" emerged through mutation and spread through speech, art, and printed matter.

Granularity of tiny components

God and Hellfire, Religion and Faith

Solitary

Once genes provide a brain for a survival machine, memes automatically take over.

Unable to establish trust

No matter how you choose, I must "betray"

Multiple rounds of play give opportunities to build trust and suspicion, to engage in confrontation or reconciliation, to grant revenge or forgiveness.

The most important task is to win the "banker", not the other party

Although he will take revenge, he will soon forget his opponent’s bad deeds.

The extremely tolerant strategy of "Two Tat for Tat" failed

Winning a single game will gain descendants and increase the number of your own strategies.

Unable to resist assimilation by a few mutant strategies and easily invaded

Can be invaded by the combination of "Tit for Tat" and "Tit for Tat Paranoid Version"

Through the aggregation of individuals, the "tit-for-tat" group can finally cross the decisive point

Board games, divorce proceedings, football matches

The key to a more stable “tit-for-tat” situation—no jealousy

It is known that the limited number of games will make the final game a one-time process

The longer an individual expects the number of games to be, the closer the strategy selection will be to the analysis of repeated games.

Bacteria and the human body (choosing betrayal when seriously injured), fig trees and fig wasps, sea bass hermaphrodites, vampire bat blood donation

Mouse t gene - meiosis disguised factor

The phenotype of a gene may only be beneficial to its own reproduction and harmful to other genes in the body.

Genes can act on behavior, playing a role in embryonic nervous system development

Genes of one organism have phenotypic effects on other organisms

Depending on the future outcome of the parasite and host genes, the parasite's genetic phenotype may be mutualistic (eventually becoming the same individual) or selfish

Individuals provide all genes with the same probability of exit to the future

Biological individuals are the carriers of genes, not groups

Multiple processes collaborate to create complex proteins

For example, large creatures can eat small creatures.

Genes cannot determine all traits of an individual, they can only affect the material basis of phenotypes, and the environment can also cause certain behavioral phenotypes.

Not all phenotypes are Darwinian adaptive

Analyzing the meaning of “decision” from a statistical perspective

If a genetic sex difference is manifested through the education system or other systems, it will still count as a genetic difference

In fact, people attribute all the effects of environment and other systems to genes, but it is difficult to verify by removing them through operations.

The experience and knowledge of ancestors cannot be directly passed on to future generations.

Genes remain unchanged as they spread

In fact, when we talk about the uneasiness that experience cannot be inherited, we have actually acknowledged the impact of acquired learning on individual growth, and also denied "genetic determinism"

Genes only provide strategies and do not predict future development. They are "the opposite of thoughtful things."

Have a rigid and rigid concept of robots

If you want to discuss the evolution of a certain behavioral pattern driven by natural selection, you must presuppose that certain genes are related to it.

The logic of controlling genes behind behavioral patterns may be very complex, but when talking about the behavioral patterns brought about by Darwinian adaptation, the nature of genes must be mentioned

Gould's evidence of bee dance

Current average conditions differ from ancestral average environmental conditions

Different environments lead to changes in the phenotype controlled by the same gene

Counterexample of jet engine replacing propeller engine

Tinkering with substitutes

Once a lineage has evolved in a given direction, previously possible options are closed

No usable genetic mutations were produced

Once a lineage has evolved in a given direction, previously possible options are closed

Every evolutionary adaptation has a cost, which is reflected in the opportunity to accomplish something else

The best design is the one that meets the index requirements at the lowest cost

Selection at the genetic level produces imperfections at the individual level

Heterozygous advantage leads to certain individuals in the population being defective

The environment exerting selection pressure is statistically average, and individual cases have different degrees of deviation and cannot be accurately predicted.

Dynamic game, there is no eternal winner