No Ca ions

The difference from serum: serum does not contain coagulation factors L, II, V, VIII

Adult 4~5L, 6%~8%

Arterial blood - bright red Venous blood-dark red C0 poisoning or cyanide poisoning - cherry red Patients with severe anemia-the red color becomes lighter

Arterial blood 7.40 Venous blood 7.35

Simplified form

scalp vein type

Blood culture→sodium citrate anticoagulant tube→serum tube with or without anticoagulant or separation gel→heparin tube with or without separation gel→EDTA anticoagulant tube→sodium fluoride gray tube

red

Purple

light blue

green

grey

yellow

Golden

light green

black

Oxalates (no longer used)

Age, gender, drugs, mental state, activities, etc.

Strong shaking, unclean containers, irregular operations, etc. can cause hemolysis and lead to false increases in LD, K+, etc.

Send for inspection as soon as possible after collection. Improper storage can directly affect the test results.

New glass slides with free alkali should be soaked in 1moI/L HCLHCL for 24 hours.

Slides Slides should be clean, dry, neutral, and non-greasy

Appropriate thickness, clear head, body and tail, evenly distributed cells, The edges of the blood film are neat and leave a certain gap. The blood film occupies about 2/3 of the length of the slide.

The larger the blood drop, the greater the angle, and the faster the speed, the thicker the blood film; The smaller the blood drop, the smaller the angle, and the slower the speed, the thinner the blood film.

When HCT is increased and blood viscosity is high, small blood droplets, small angle, and slow push When HCT is reduced and blood viscosity is thin, large blood droplets, large angles, and fast push

Plasmodium and microfilariae using thick blood film smear method

A composite dye composed of the acidic dye eosin and the basic dye methylene blue is dissolved in methanol. The effects of methanol: 1. Dissolve dye; 2. Fix cell morphology.

Dyeing principle: It has both physical adsorption and chemical affinity.

Influence of pH value: Acidic environment tends to be reddish; alkaline environment tends to be blue. The pH value of the buffer should be between 6.4 and 6.8 PH＜PI increases the positive charge and combines with acid eosin. (acidic) red blood cells and eosinophils stain red, and white blood cell nuclei appear light blue or not stained. PH>PI increases the negative charge and combines with alkaline methylene blue (alkaline). All cells are stained grey-blue, and the granules are dark brown; eosinophilic granules are dark brown or even black or blue, and neutral granules are thicker. Purple black.

Precautions

Evaluation: It is the most classic and commonly used dyeing method. Good staining of cytoplasm, poor staining of nuclei

Composed of azure and eosin

The principle is basically the same as Wright's staining

For cell nuclei, parasites (such as Plasmodium) are better stained and have clearer structures, but have poor ability to stain cytoplasmic components.

Cytoplasm and nucleus staining effect is good

Freshly prepared dyes tend to be alkaline and must be stored at room temperature or 37°C for a period of time until methylene blue changes to azure B. The longer it is stored, the better the dyeing effect will be. It must be plugged during storage to prevent methanol from evaporating and oxidizing into formic acid. Methanol must be AR grade.