MindMap Gallery Three stages of adaptive immune response
This is a mind map about the three stages of adaptive immune response, which summarizes the recognition stage, proliferation and differentiation stage, Effect stage, etc.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Three stages of adaptive immune response
identification stage
endogenous antigen
Newly synthesized antigens within the APC
exogenous antigen
Refers to foreign antigens such as bacterial proteins that enter the APC endosome lysosome and are degraded into antigenic peptides.
antigen presenting cells
Concept: A type of cell capable of processing antigen and presenting the antigen peptide to T cells in the form of an antigen peptide-MHC molecule complex.
professional antigen presenting cells
Dendritic cells DC - presented to - naive T cells
Monocytes/macrophages - weak antigen presenting ability
B cells—Presented to—Th cells
Antigen presentation rules
MHC restrictive (18 inside, 24 outside)
Endogenous antigen binds to MHCⅠ and activates CD8 T cells
Exogenous antigen binds to MHC II and activates CD4 T cells
proliferation and differentiation stage
B cells
differentiation
According to the activation stage
naïve B cells
memory B cells
Plasma cell
According to function
B1 cells
B2 cells
According to BCR type
mIgM B cells
mIgG B cells
mIgA B cells
mIgE B cells
important surface molecules
BCR complex (provides first activation signal)
ikB
Igα/Igβ
B cell co-receptor (provides first activation signal)
CD19/CD21/CD81
Costimulatory molecules (provide secondary activation signals)
CD40
CD80/86
Adhesion molecules (ICAM-1/LFA-1, etc.)
other surface molecules
CD19
CD20
CD22
CD32
T cells
differentiation
According to function
helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
regulatory T cells
Classification based on CD molecules carried on the surface
CD4 T cells
CD8 T cells
Classification according to activation stage
naive T cells
effector T cells
memory T cells
important surface molecules
TCR-CD3 complex (provides first activation signal)
CD4 and CD8
Costimulatory molecules (provide secondary activation signals)
CD28
CTLA-4
ICOS
PD-1
CD2
CD40L
LFA-1 and ICAM-1
Mitogen receptors and other surface molecules
Effect stage
Humoral immunity
Antibody production pattern
first response
answer again
cellular immunity
Th
Th1
Effect: 1. Direct contact induces CTL differentiation. 2 Recruit and activate monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes through released cytokines, inducing cellular immune responses.
Th2
Effects: 1. Assist humoral immune response. 2. Participate in hypersensitivity inflammation.
CTL cells
Kill target cells
Process: 1. Effect-target cell binding. 2.CTL polarization. 3. Fatal attack.
Mechanism: Killing effect is exerted through perforin/granzyme pathway and death receptor pathway.