Provide a basis for formulating exercise prescriptions to ensure the effectiveness and safety of rehabilitation training

Early diagnosis of coronary heart disease: In the past, exercise test was the most effective and commonly used method for early diagnosis of coronary heart disease, with high sensitivity and specificity.

Determine the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease: the lower the exercise load when myocardial ischemia occurs during exercise, the lower the level of myocardial oxygen consumption (ie, the lower the heart rate and blood pressure), and the greater the degree of ST segment downward shift, the more severe the coronary heart disease. The more serious the condition, the worse the prognosis

Detect potential arrhythmias and identify benign and organic arrhythmias: If arrhythmias are induced or aggravated by exercise, it indicates organic heart disease, and exercise should be avoided or the amount of exercise should be adjusted; if exercise reduces or even eliminates the arrhythmia, it is a sign of organic heart disease. Activities of daily living and exercise do not need to be restricted for benign cardiac arrhythmias

Determine the risk of the patient's exercise: Myocardial ischemia, angina pectoris, severe arrhythmia, heart failure symptoms, etc. induced in the low-level exercise test all indicate that the risk of the patient's exercise is high.

Evaluate the effect of exercise exercise and rehabilitation treatment: Repeat the exercise test to evaluate the effect of exercise exercise and rehabilitation treatment based on changes in exercise tolerance.

Others: Select surgical indications based on response to exercise test, sinus node function, etc.

Also known as the treadmill test, the subject is asked to perform walking-running exercises according to a pre-designed exercise plan on a movable platform that can automatically adjust the slope and speed. Gradually increase heart rate and cardiac load, and finally achieve the desired exercise goal. Advantages and Disadvantages: The activity treadmill test has been well standardized and has high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Since it is easy to increase exercise intensity, it is more suitable for younger patients with better physical fitness. The disadvantage is that it is expensive and has neurological diseases. , patients with lower limb pain are unable to achieve expected levels of exercise.

absolute

relatively

One-sided ignore

somatoagnosia

disease agnosia

Finger agnosia

Difficulty distinguishing between left and right

Figure-background discrimination disorder

spatial orientation disorder

spatial relationship disorder

terrain disorientation

Morphological constancy recognition disorder

distance perception disorder

visual agnosia

tactile agnosia

auditory agnosia

ideational apraxia

ideomotor apraxia

limb motor apraxia

Oral-facial apraxia

structural apraxia

dressing apraxia

The assessment time is 5 to 10 minutes. The maximum score is 30 points, a score of 27-30 is considered normal, and a score <27 is considered cognitive dysfunction. Dementia severity grading method: mild MMSE ≥ 21 points; moderate MMSE 10-20 points; severe, MMSE ≤ 9 points The criteria for classifying cognitive impairment are based on the patient's educational level: general illiteracy ≤17 points, primary school education ≤20 points, and middle school education ≤24 points

Loss or impairment of language function due to damage to brain function

Aphasia is the loss or low ability to organize language due to brain damage. It can cause difficulties in the following aspects: ① spoken and written language; ② recognizing pictures or objects; ③ communication of spoken language, written language and gestures.

Aphasia is a disorder in the ability to form and interpret language symbols caused by brain damage

Aphasia is caused by organic brain lesions. It is an acquired impairment of language and the cognitive process that is the basis of language. It is a disorder of language recognition, understanding, memory and comprehension, which is specifically manifested in the four aspects of listening, speaking, reading and writing.

Broca's aphasia (poor expression)

Wernicke's aphasia (poor understanding)

Conduction aphasia (relatively good expression and understanding)

Poor retelling

Transcortical motor aphasia (poor expression)

Transcortical sensory aphasia (poor understanding)

Mixed transcortical aphasia (poor expression and comprehension)

Good retelling

thalamic aphasia

Basal segmental aphasia

Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE), Japanese Standard Aphasia Examination (SLTA), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Token Test

Chinese Standard Aphasia Examination (CRRCAE), Chinese Aphasia Test Battery (ABC)

Level 0 No meaningful speech or listening comprehension Level 1: There are discontinuous speech expressions, and the listener has difficulty in verbal communication. Level 2: Can converse on familiar topics, but cannot express thoughts on unfamiliar topics. Level 3: Can discuss daily problems with a little help, but understanding and expression are weakened Level 4: Speech is fluent, some limitations in understanding can be observed but no obvious limitations in expression Level 5: The patient has subjective speech difficulties, but the listener may not be aware of it.