law of inertia

law of acceleration

Law of Action and Reaction

parallelogram rule

triangle rule

static friction

sliding friction

The vector difference of an object moving from one position to another

The size is equal to the distance between the start point and the end point

Direction from starting point to end point

The displacement of an object in unit time

The magnitude is equal to the ratio of displacement to time

The direction is the same as the displacement direction

rate of change of object speed

The magnitude is equal to the ratio of the change in velocity to time

The direction is the same as the direction of the speed change

The object moves in a straight line with a constant velocity

Displacement is proportional to time

Speed ​​has nothing to do with time

An object moving in a straight line with constant acceleration

Displacement is proportional to the square of time

Speed ​​is proportional to the square root of time

The force on an object is proportional to its mass

Proportional to its acceleration

The direction is the same as the acceleration direction

The product of an object's mass and velocity

Size is equal to the product of mass and velocity

The direction is the same as the speed direction

product of force and time

The magnitude is equal to the product of force and time

The direction is the same as the direction of the force

The impulse experienced by an object is equal to the change in its momentum

The direction is the same as the direction of the change in momentum.

The sum of the momentum of all objects in the system remains constant

The sum of the momentum changes of all objects in the system is zero

The product of the displacement produced by a force on an object

The magnitude is equal to the product of the displacement produced by the force on the object

The direction is the same as the displacement direction

work done per unit time

The magnitude is equal to the ratio of work to time

The direction is the same as the direction of work

The energy an object has due to its motion

The size is equal to half the product of the object's mass and its velocity squared

The direction is the same as the speed direction

The energy an object has due to its position

The size is equal to half the product of the object's mass and height

The direction is the same as the height direction

The energy an object has due to its motion and position

The size is equal to the sum of the object's kinetic energy and potential energy

The direction is the same as the direction of kinetic and potential energy

The sum of the momentum of all objects in the system remains constant

The sum of the momentum changes of all objects in the system is zero

The process of interaction between objects

Conservation of momentum

Conservation of energy

Violent chemical reactions occur inside objects

Conservation of momentum

Conservation of energy

The object makes reciprocating motion near its equilibrium position

cyclical

amplitude

frequency

Phase

Propagation of vibrations in media

wavelength

frequency

Wave speed

Phase

waves produced by mechanical vibrations

Longitudinal wave

transverse wave

waves produced by electromagnetic oscillations

light wave

radio waves

The amount of charge carried by an object

positive charge

negative charge

directional movement of charge

The magnitude is equal to the amount of charge passing through per unit time

The direction is the same as the direction in which the charge moves

The property of hindering the passage of electric current

The magnitude is equal to the ratio of voltage to current

The direction is the same as the voltage direction

Potential difference

The magnitude is equal to the potential difference

The direction is the same as the direction of the potential difference

ability to hold charge

The magnitude is equal to the ratio of charge to voltage

The direction is the same as the voltage direction

Properties that hinder current changes

The magnitude is equal to the ratio of the change in current to the change in voltage

The direction is the same as the direction of voltage change

The electric field that exists around a charge

The magnitude is equal to the reciprocal of the charge and the square of the distance.

The direction is the same as the direction of the charge

The magnetic field that exists around an electric current

The magnitude is equal to the reciprocal of the current and the square of the distance.

The direction is the same as the direction of current

A changing magnetic field creates an electric field

The magnitude is equal to the changing magnetic field and the reciprocal of the distance squared

The direction is the same as the direction of the changing magnetic field

waves produced by electromagnetic oscillations

light wave

radio waves

Light travels at the speed of light in a vacuum

Light travels at different speeds in different media

Light reflects at the interface of two media

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Refraction of light when it passes from one medium into another

The angle of refraction is related to the angle of incidence and the refractive index

The superposition of two columns of light waves produces interference.

The spacing of interference fringes is related to wavelength and optical path difference

Diffraction occurs when light passes through a slit or aperture

The spacing of the diffraction fringes is related to the wavelength and the size of the slit or aperture

A measure of how hot or cold an object is

The size is equal to the average kinetic energy of thermal motion of the molecules of the object

The direction is the same as the direction of thermal motion of molecules

The heat absorbed by all objects in the system is equal to the work done by all objects in the system

The heat absorbed by all objects in the system is equal to the change in internal energy of all objects in the system

Heat cannot transfer spontaneously from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object

Heat cannot transfer spontaneously from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object

Absolute zero is unreachable

Absolute zero is unreachable

Atoms are composed of nuclei and electrons

The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons

Electrons orbit outside the nucleus

The process by which atomic nuclei interact with atomic nuclei or particles

Fission

fusion

Atomic nuclei spontaneously emit particles or energy

alpha decay

beta decay

gamma decay

Control Variable

conversion method

equivalent substitution method

balance

spring dynamometer

thermometer

barometer

Follow laboratory rules

Pay attention to experimental safety

Correctly handle experimental accidents;