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MindMap Gallery Educational Psychology = Learning of Skills

Educational Psychology = Learning of Skills

An article about educational psychology and skills learning mind map, including skills and their characteristics and functions, motor skills, mental skills, etc.

Edited at 2023-11-22 18:45:07

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Educational Psychology = Learning of Skills

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Outline

【Book】Deliberate Practice
- 18
MM

Skill learning

Skills and their characteristics and functions

Concept: a law-compliant activity pattern formed by individuals through practice

Features

Skills come from practice

can manifest as either physical or cognitive actions

Compliance with rules or procedures is the prerequisite for skill formation

The role of skill learning

Skill learning helps improve learning efficiency

The formation of skills contributes to the mastery of relevant knowledge

The formation of skills is conducive to the development of intelligence and ability

Classification

Motor skills: also known as motor skills and operational skills, refer to operational activities consisting of a series of external movements in a reasonable program

Mental skills: Intellectual skills or intellectual skills refer to a way of cognitive activity carried out in the human brain with the help of internal language

Motor skills

Features

Objectivity: the object of the action - operating objective objects or muscles; the process of operation - expressed through explicit body movements

Accuracy: Meets specification requirements and complies with the action principle. There are standards to follow regardless of the strength, speed, amplitude or structure of the movements.

Coordination: It consists of a series of action components, each of which operates in an integrated and non-interfering manner and sequence. Each action component follows the action rules in a temporal and spatial sequence and achieves the integration of kinesthetic and visual senses.

Adaptability: able to adapt to various changing conditions, integrating stability and flexibility in the activity room

Classification

precision of movement

Gross motor skills: skills of large-scale movements in a large space

Fine Motor Skills: Skills that require delicate coordination and small movements in a small space.

Continuity of action from beginning to end

Continuous action skills: During a long sequence of actions that need to be completed, Requires continuous and uninterrupted adjustment and correction of motor skills based on complex internal and external stimuli

Discontinuous motor skills: contain only short sequences of movements and perform precise techniques and make specific responses to a specific external stimulus. consists of sudden bursts of action

environmental stability

Closed motor skills: occur in a fixed environment and under unchanged conditions, and completely rely on internal feedback information of muscles for guidance.

Open movement skills: occur under changing conditions of time or space, and practitioners adjust their movements accordingly according to changes in external stimuli.

How to develop motor skills

Guidance and Demonstration

Accurate demonstration and explanation

Necessary and appropriate practice

Sufficient and effective feedback

Establish a stable and clear kinesthetic sense

practise

First, start to make rapid progress

Second, there is an obvious temporary pause period in the middle, which is the plateau period.

During the learning process, students' academic performance and learning efficiency have stagnated for a period of time, and even the knowledge they have learned feels vague.

Appears mid-practice

New activity structures and new ways of completing activities are needed

A decrease in interest in practice, or even boredom or physical fatigue, leading to a temporary pause in practice performance

Third, progress is slower in the later stages

Fourth, the general trend is progressive, but sometimes there are temporary regressions

feedback

Result feedback, situational feedback, situational feedback, internal kinesthetic feedback

formed sign

Conscious control is weakened and actions become automatic

Enhanced kinesthetic feedback

Able to use subtle clues

Form memory for exercise programs

Ability to maintain normal operating levels under adverse conditions

Theory of the Formative Stages of Motor Skills

Fitts and Posner: cognitive stage, connection forming stage, automatic stage

Feng Zhongliang’s four-stage theory: operational orientation, operational imitation, operational integration, and operational proficiency

mental skills

Gary Perlin's theory of the stages of mental skill formation

orientation phase of activity

Material activity or materialization activity stage

audio speech stage

Silent "external" speech stage

inner speech stage

Training requirements

1. Stimulate enthusiasm and initiative in learning

2. Pay attention to the completeness, independence and generality of the prototype

3. Adapt to the stage characteristics of training and use language correctly

4. Pay attention to individual differences among students