MindMap Gallery Ninth Grade Chemistry Acids and Bases
This is a mind map about acids and bases in ninth-grade chemistry, including acid-base indicators, the definition of acid, neutralization reactions, etc. Hope this helps!
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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acids and bases
Acid-base indicator
Acidity and alkalinity
litmus (purple)
It turns red when exposed to acid and blue when exposed to alkali.
Phenolphthalein (colorless)
Turns red when exposed to alkali
Qualitative
pH
ph test paper
Quantitative
acid
definition
Compounds in which all cations produced during ionization are hydrogen ions (hydrogen ions acid ions): such as
Common acids
hydrochloric acid
Colorless, volatile and pungent odor
sulfuric acid
Colorless, odorless and sticky
Concentrated sulfuric acid
nature
water absorbency
Desiccant
Dehydration (charring)
corrosive
dilution
Slowly pour concentrated sulfuric acid into the water along the wall of the vessel, stirring constantly
Nitric acid
Colorless, easily volatile and decomposed, with strong oxidizing properties
acetic acid
Volatile, pungent odor
chemical properties
Functions with acid-base indicators
Reacts with active metal elements to form salts and hydrogen gas
Zn 2HCl=ZnCl2 H2↑
Reacts with metal oxides to form brine
Fe2O3 3H2SO4=Fe2(SO4)3 3H2O
Reacts with alkali to generate salt water (metathesis reaction; neutralization reaction)
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl= CaCl2 2H2O
React with certain salts to form new salts and new acids (strong acid to weak acid) (metathesis reaction)
Na2CO3 2HCl=2NaCl H2O CO2 ↑
base
definition
Compounds in which all the anions produced during ionization are hydroxide ions (metal ions (or ammonium ions) hydroxide ions): such as NaOH Ca(OH)2
common bases
Sodium hydroxide (common names: caustic soda, caustic soda, caustic soda)
White waxy, easy to deliquesce, can be used as some gas desiccant
Potassium hydroxide (common name: caustic potassium)
Calcium hydroxide (solid is commonly known as slaked lime, slaked lime; aqueous solution is commonly known as lime water; the main component of Bordeaux mixture)
White powder
Ammonia (NH3.H2O)
Volatile, pungent odor
chemical properties
Functions with acid-base indicators
Reacts with certain non-metal oxides to form brine
Reagent bottles containing sodium hydroxide solution should use rubber stoppers.
Reacts with acid to form salt water
Ca(OH)₂ TEN 2HCl= CaCl₂ 2H2O
Soluble bases react with soluble salts to form new salts and new bases
Neutralization reaction
substance
The hydrogen ions in the acid combine with the hydroxide ions in the base
application
Neutralize acidic soil
Neutralization of Acidic Wastewater
Neutralizing hyperacidity
Neutralizing mosquito bites