Acquired risk factors: blood hypercoagulability, vascular endothelial damage, and venous blood flow stasis.

Difficulty breathing

Chest pain: pleuritic chest pain, angina-like pain

Hemoptysis: mostly small amount of hemoptysis, large hemoptysis is rare

Syncope: the only or first symptom

Others: restlessness, panic, sense of dying, cough, palpitations, etc.

Auscultation: wheezing (specific?), fine moist rales (?);

Tachycardia, blood pressure changes, jugular vein filling or pulsation,

Pulmonary valve area: P2 hyperactivity;

Tricuspid region: systolic murmur

May be accompanied by: low-grade fever

Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis: swelling, thickening, pain, tenderness, skin pigmentation of the affected limb, and increased swelling after walking.

1. Signs of pulmonary embolism: regional texture becomes thinner, sparse, disappears (?), lung field translucency increases,

2. Signs of pulmonary hypertension and right heart enlargement: widening or truncation of the right lower pulmonary trunk, bulging of the pulmonary artery segment, and enlargement of the right ventricle.

3. Secondary changes in lung tissue: local patchy shadows in the lung field, wedge-shaped shadows with tips pointing to the hilus, atelectasis or incomplete expansion, and diaphragm elevation can be seen on the atelectatic side.

A. Direct signs: low-density filling defect in the pulmonary artery, partially or completely surrounded by opaque blood flow (ie: orbit sign), or complete filling defect, with distal vessels not visualized.

B. Indirect signs: wedge-shaped increased density in the lung field, strip-like high-density areas or discoid atelectasis, central pulmonary artery expansion and distal vascular branches reduced or disappeared.

It can effectively prevent the re-formation and recurrence of thrombus and create conditions for the body to use its own fibrinolytic mechanism to dissolve thrombus. For patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism, anticoagulant treatment should be started immediately if there are no contraindications

Anticoagulant treatment usually lasts for 3-6 months

Mainly used for: high-risk patients (those with obvious dyspnea, chest pain, hypoxemia)

Intermediate-risk cases: thrombolysis can be considered if there are no contraindications

Low-risk cases: The right heart function of the sphygmomanometer is normal and thrombolysis is not suitable!

Timing: Time window: Within 14 days, if there are recent signs of new pulmonary embolism, it can be extended appropriately

Commonly used drugs: urokinase, streptokinase, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)

Monitoring indicators: Measure APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) every 2-4 hours