School of Management Science (also known as the School of Mathematics, represented by American Bofa, who wrote "Modern Production Management")
1 Rely on establishing scientific decision-making procedures and mathematical models for decision-making
2 Evaluate feasible solutions based on economic effects
3 Extensive use of electronic computers and other advanced tools for decision-making
*School of Decision Theory (Representative figure Herbert Simon of the United States, whose book "The New Science of Management Decision-making" is based on statistics and behavioral science, won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1978)
The main points
1Management is decision-making
2 Decision-making can be divided into procedural decision-making and non-procedural decision-making.
3. Establish a decision support system
4 Decision-making is based on satisfaction
Contingency management thought (representative figure, American Lu Sansi, whose representative work is "Introduction to Management: A Contingency Science", systematically proposes contingency management theory)
It is believed that the internal elements and external environmental conditions of each organization are different, so there are no principles and methods applicable to any situation in management activities.
Management Process School (Representative figure Harold Koontz proposed the Jungle Theory of Management Theory, which takes the functions of management and the process of functioning as the research object, and believes that management is the process of completing work through others or with others)
There are five functions of the management process
Management functions are universal
Experience or case school (the founder, Peter Drucker, studies the management experience and lessons of actual management workers and the actual experience of corporate managers, mainly using a comparative method to summarize management experience)
*1 Management should focus on practical applications, not purely theoretical research
2. The task is to understand the specific purpose and mission of the organization, to energize the work and achieve the success of its employees, and to address the impact of the organization on society and its social responsibilities
3 Management methods for implementing management by objectives
strategic management theory
1 Porter's Five Forces Model (Michael Porter believes that there are five forces in the industry that determine the degree and scale of competition. The five forces collectively affect the attractiveness of the industry and the competitive strategic decisions of modern enterprises)
2. Supplier’s bargaining power
5. Buyer’s bargaining power
Competitive intensity among competitors in the same industry
new entrant
Threat determinants of entry
supplier
Supplier capability determinants
Importance of supply volume to suppliers
Threat of substitutes determinants
buyer substitution preferences
relative price of substitutes
Determinants of buyer ability
backward integration capabilities
competitor determinants
Industry growth (competition for market share)
Numerous Competitors of Comparable Capabilities
2 Basic competitive strategy (Michael Porter is recognized as the father of competitive strategy. There are three general strategies to maintain an advantageous position in a fiercely competitive market)
1. Cost priority strategy (making the organization’s total costs lower than those of competitors, or even the lowest costs in the entire industry)
2 Differentiation strategy: including product, service, personnel, and image differentiation strategies
3 Target agglomeration strategy
Theory Z (William Ouchi's "Theory Z-How American Business Meets the Challenge of Japan") studies the relationship between people and companies, and people and work. It proposes that American companies should combine their own characteristics and learn from the management methods of Japanese companies. . Emphasizing the cultural factors of management, organizations should not only consider hard indicators such as technology and profits in terms of productivity, but also consider soft factors, such as trust, close relationships between people, etc.)
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