MindMap Gallery Extraction methods of active ingredients of natural products
A mind map on the extraction methods of active ingredients of natural products, including solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, low co-solvent extraction, etc.
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Extraction methods of active ingredients of natural products
Solvent extraction method
principle
Based on the principle that different substances have different solubilities in different solvents
operate
Prepare samples
Choose the right solvent
Selection basis
Commonly used solvents
Add solvent
Shake and centrifuge
separate solvent phases
concentrated distillation
Influencing factors
Solvent selection
The key factor
Selection basis - similar polarity
Solvent concentration selection
Temperature selection
solution pH
Advantages and Disadvantages
easy to use
Fast reading
convenient
Difficult to handle when the amount of solvent is large
application
food
Extract flavors, pigments and nutrients
pharmaceutical
Widely used to extract active ingredients from pharmaceuticals
Environmental monitoring
Organic pollutants and toxic substances
Ultrasound-assisted extraction method
principle
The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method uses the mechanical effect, thermal effect, sonochemical effect and micro-flow effect of ultrasonic waves to achieve efficient extraction of target substances by changing the physical properties of substances and promoting the dissolution, transformation and release of substances.
operate
Sample Preparation
subtopic
Solvent selection
Selection basis
Commonly used solvents
Ultrasonic treatment
set temperature
set time
separation
concentrate
Influencing factors
Effect of ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic intensity
Effect of extraction time
Effect of extraction solvent, dosage and concentration
Effect of enzymes in extraction products
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Speed up extraction efficiency
Energy saving
Environmental friendly
Wide range of applications
Liquid medicine has few impurities
easy to use
safety
shortcoming
Ultrasound attenuation factor
Equipment issues
Power matching problem
sound energy loss
potential risks
Enzymatic phenomenon
Generate free radicals, etc.
application
Medical field
Extraction and quality control of drugs
food
Nutrient extraction for food
environmental protection
Effective extraction of pollutants present in the environment
other
Chemical
biology
macromolecular science
Microwave-assisted extraction method
principle
The non-ionizing radiation energy of microwaves promotes the molecular motion of substances, combined with the synergistic effect of selective heating and thermal non-thermal effects, to achieve a fast and efficient extraction process while also reducing the use of solvents.
operate
Select materials
Clean
smash
microwave extraction
separation
concentrate
dry
Influencing factors
Solvent selection
Liquid to solid ratio
Microwave radiation time
Microwave radiation power
Brokenness
Effect of moisture or humidity in materials
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Fast and efficient
Energy saving and environmental protection
Strong selectivity
Controllable biological effects
Multipurpose
High specificity and sensitivity
Good operability
shortcoming
Limited scope of application
Not suitable for some materials
Metal
application
Food analysis and testing
Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Manufacturing
Low co-solvent extraction method
principle
The deep eutectic extraction method combines the preparation of deep eutectic solvents and the application of mechanochemical methods to achieve effective extraction of biologically active substances.
operate
Mixture mixed with deep eutectic solvent
Heat to eutectic then cool to room temperature
Separate eutectic
Use appropriate methods to separate from the eutectic melt
Influencing factors
The composition of deep eutectic solvents
The molar ratio of
Moisture content
temperature
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Green
Efficient
low cost
shortcoming
high cost
Toxicity and environmental impact
Solubility Limitations
application
Chemical
biology
medicine
Supercritical CO2 extraction method
principle
Harnessing the solubility power of supercritical carbon dioxide
operate
Preparation of extraction mixed solution
According to the different components to be extracted, a reasonable mixing ratio is designed, and the mixed liquid to be extracted is injected into the extraction device for mixing.
Extraction operation
Pump the mixed solution into the extractor, and when the rotation speed reaches a certain value, add supercritical carbon dioxide
Stir under a certain pressure to reach supercritical state to achieve extraction effect
Influencing factors
Effect of extraction pressure
Effect of temperature
Effect of extraction agent flow and extraction time
Influence of material properties
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Critical temperature and critical pressure are low
Non-toxic and cheap
It is stable, non-toxic, non-flammable, safe, does not pollute the environment during use, and can avoid oxidation of the product.
Contains no nitrates and harmful heavy gold, and no harmful solvent residues
Simple extraction process
shortcoming
Low survival rate
High energy consumption
Extraction efficiency is not high
application
food
Caffeine removal
Extraction of edible oil
Preparation of natural pigments
medicine
Extraction and purification of natural medicines
Preparation of drug carriers
Chemical industry
Catalyst recovery for organic synthesis reactions
Solvent recycling
other
Extraction of enzymes, vitamin raw materials and other industrial needs
environmental protection
Essential oil extraction
Protein extraction method
Polysaccharide extraction method
Used to extract non-polar organic substances
Dichloromethane
Separation of highly polar organic compounds
Ethyl acetate