• Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized modeling language in software engineering.

• Process interactions in a time sequence.

• Events, messages, and flow of control among objects.

• Different types of messages: synchronous, asynchronous, creation, destruction.

• Time-ordering emphasis (lower is later).

• Use case realization scenarios.

• Objects and Instances: Specific instances like aStudent of the Student class.

• Lifeline: Representation of an object’s life during interaction.

• Execution: Time a process or method is running.

• Guards: Conditional statements to manage object interaction.

• Describes system components and their relationships.

• Component Notation: Represented as a rectangle with optional icons.

• Component Elements: Interfaces, ports, and connectors.

• Provided/Required Interface: Characterizes the services offered or expected from the environment.

• Usage Dependency: Indicates a relationship where one element requires another for full implementation.

• Shown as a dashed arrow between components.

• Used to manage communication between a component and its environment.

• Supports both unidirectional and bidirectional communication.

• Helps isolate internal structures from external dependencies.

• External View: Black box view showing public properties and operations.

• Internal View: White box view showing realizing classes and components.

• Realization: Relationship between a specification and its implementation.

• Assembly Connectors: Connects a required interface to a provided interface.

• Delegation Connectors: Links the external contract of a component to its internal realization.

• Models the physical deployment of artifacts on hardware (nodes).

• Shows the relationship between hardware (e.g., servers) and software (e.g., web applications).

• Source code files can be modeled as components with tagged values like version number and author.

• Dependencies among source code files are modeled.

• Identifies components involved in the system, stereotypes, and relationships between them.

• Classes representing logical database schema are mapped to tables.