Recommendation 3: For patients with mild symptoms or patients who cannot undergo surgery due to individual conditions, non-surgical treatment can be adopted and changes in the condition should be closely observed (recommendation strength: level 2, evidence level: moderate).

Recommendation 4: Patients with lumbar disc herniation should rest in bed during the acute phase (recommendation strength: level 1, evidence level: moderate).

Recommendation 5: NSAIDs can relieve patients’ symptoms of waist and leg pain, but long-term use is not recommended. When using drugs, you should be highly vigilant about the occurrence of ulcers and bleeding, and regularly evaluate the patient’s tolerance to such drugs (Strength of Recommendation: Level 2, Evidence Level: high).

Recommendation 6: Long-term use of opioid analgesics is not recommended. If clinically necessary, attention should be paid to drug dependence caused by long-term use of the drug (recommendation strength: level 2, evidence level: high).

Recommendation 7: If there are no obvious contraindications, glucocorticoids can be used in the short term to relieve inflammatory pain, but long-term large-scale use of this drug is not recommended, and we should be alert to its possible adverse reactions (recommendation strength: level 1, evidence level: high).

Recommendation 8: Muscle relaxants can effectively relieve spasm and tension of low back muscles, and are suitable for spasmodic pain in low back muscles caused by lumbar disc herniation (recommendation strength: level 2, evidence level: moderate).

Recommendation 9: It is recommended that patients with acute lumbar disc herniation use dehydrating agents to relieve nerve root edema and improve their tolerance to traction stimulation, but the patient's blood pressure and electrolyte balance should be closely observed (Strength of Recommendation: Level 1, Level of Evidence :middle).

Recommendation 10: Routine use of antidepressants is not recommended for patients with lumbar disc herniation (Strength of Recommendation: Level 3, Level of Evidence: Moderate).

Recommendation 11: It is recommended to use neurotrophic drugs to treat low back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, etc. (Strength of recommendation: level 1, evidence level: high).

Recommendation 12: It is recommended that patients with lumbar disc herniation receive early, individualized and targeted exercise treatment under the guidance of professional rehabilitation physicians to prevent further deterioration of the condition (recommendation strength: level 1, evidence level: high)

Recommendation 13: It is recommended that patients with lumbar disc herniation undergo traction treatment under the guidance of professional rehabilitation medicine personnel, but excessive traction weight and excessive time should be avoided (recommendation strength: level 2, evidence level: high)

Recommendation 14: Physical therapy can be used to treat lumbar disc herniation, but the efficacy varies greatly among individuals (strength of recommendation: level 2, level of evidence: moderate).

Recommendation 15: Patients with long medical history and ineffective conservative treatment should choose surgical treatment; patients with symptoms of nerve compression should have surgery to relieve nerve compression as soon as possible (Strength of recommendation: Level 2, Level of evidence: Moderate)

Recommendation 16: General anesthesia is suitable for all types of patients with lumbar disc herniation who have no contraindications to general anesthesia. Epidural anesthesia can also be used for patients undergoing simple lumbar decompression surgery who are generally in good condition. Before anesthesia, existing motor and sensory nerve function defects need to be carefully identified and recorded to better select neuromuscular blocking drugs and administer them. Evaluate the effectiveness (strength of recommendation: level 2, evidence level: high).

Recommendation 17: For patients with simple lumbar disc herniation, discectomy is feasible (recommendation strength: level 2, evidence level: high).

Recommendation 18: Physicians should choose appropriate minimally invasive surgical methods based on their technical proficiency and patient condition (recommendation strength: level 1, evidence level: high).

Recommendation 19: Posterior lumbar resection of herniated intervertebral disc tissue and interbody fusion are required to minimize damage to the spinal structure during the operation and maintain spinal stability. (Strength of recommendation: Level 2, Level of evidence: High).

Recommendation 20: For patients with postoperative recurrence of lumbar disc herniation or lumbar instability, it is recommended to use minimally invasive fusion technology (recommendation strength: level 1, evidence level: high).