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Medical Statistics Latest Edition Textbook Introduction: Medical Statistics is a basic discipline in clinical medicine, basic medicine, public health and medical and health services research. It is a set of concepts, principles and methods for collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions from data.
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This is a mind map about the interpretation and summary of the relationship field e-book, Main content: Overview of the essence interpretation and overview of the relationship field e-book. "Relationship field" refers to the complex interpersonal network in which an individual influences others through specific behaviors and attitudes.
This is a mind map about accounting books and accounting records. The main contents include: the focus of this chapter, reflecting the business results process of the enterprise, the loan and credit accounting method, and the original book of the person.
introduction
Overview
Medical statistics is a basic discipline in clinical medicine, basic medicine, public health and medical services research. It is a set of concepts, principles and methods for collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions from data.
effect
Medical literature reading, statistical software application, medical services, new drug research and development, etc.
Research object: Things with uncertain results in medicine (random events)
Research content
Statistical Design
Data collection, sorting and verification
Statistical analysis
Statistical description
Statistical tables, statistics charts, statistical indicators
Statistical inference
Parameter estimation
Hypothesis test
Homogeneity and mutation
Homogeneity: refers to the same or similar properties between the observation unit and the observed individual
Variation: The difference between the same measurement population in different observation units or individuals
Observation unit: the basic unit of the research object
Variables and data types
Variables: Observe the characteristics and indicators of the object
Variable value: The observed value of the variable is the data
Data: Observations of variables
type
Quantitative variables
Continuous quantitative data
Age, weight
Discrete quantitative data
Number of family population
Qualitative Variables
Classification
Male, female
Multi-categorized
blood type
Ordered data
Data transformation: Quantitative data—ordered data (semi-quantitative)—qualitative data
Overall and Sample
overall
The whole of the research object, the whole of a certain observation value (variable value) by all homogeneous observation units
Determination based on the purpose of the study
Limited overall
Infinite Overall
Sample: Randomly selected a set of representative individuals from the population
Sample content: the number of observation units contained in the sample
Parameters and statistics
Parameters: Statistical indicators describing overall characteristics
Greek letters
Such as: overall mean
Statistics: Statistical indicators that describe sample characteristics
English or Latin letters
Such as: sample mean
Purpose of sampling research
Estimate or infer the population parameters from statistics
Sampling error
The difference between the observed value and the real value
System error
Fixed factors can be corrected
Artificial error
Avoidable
Random error
estimate
Classification
Random measurement error
Sampling error
Individual variation leads to differences between sample information and overall characteristics in sampling studies
Inevitably
It is a random error, no direction, and repeated sampling can show certain regularity
The larger the sample content, the smaller the sampling error, and the closer the sample statistics are to the population parameters.
Sampling study
A portion of representative samples were extracted from the population and the population information was obtained through the analysis of the samples.
Probability and frequency
Probability
A measure describing the probability of a random event occurring, greater than or equal to zero, less than or equal to one
P≤0.05 is a low probability event
frequency
The frequency estimate probability when the sample is large enough
The frequency fluctuates up and down around the probability. The larger the sample content, the smaller the fluctuation amplitude.