Creeping or crawling locomotion derived from Latin "repere"

Terrestrial habitat with dry, cornified skin

Absence of external ear openings and presence of tympanum for hearing

Limbs, when present, are typically in pairs

Heart structure is usually threechambered, but fourchambered in crocodiles

Coldblooded poikilothermic nature

Shed scales through skin casting

Separate sexes with internal fertilization

Oviparous reproduction with direct development

Examples Chelone Turtle, Testudo Tortoise, Chameleon Tree Lizard, Crocodylus Crocodile, Agalychnis Wall Lizard, poisonous snakes like Naja Cobra, and Viperidae Vipers

Includes various species adapted to different environments

Significance of reptiles in ecosystems as predators and prey

Conservation status of certain reptile species

Presence of feathers and ability to fly, with exceptions like Ostrich

Forelimbs modified into wings for flight

Hind limbs adapted for walking, swimming, or perching

Dry skin with the exception of oil glands at the tail base

Fully ossified endoskeleton with hollow long bones pneumatic

Digestive system includes additional chambers crop and gizzard

Fourchambered heart structure

Warmblooded homeothermic capabilities for constant body temperature

Respiration aided by air sacs connected to lungs

Separate sexes with internal fertilization

Oviparous reproduction with direct development

Examples Neophron Vulture, Columba Pigeon, Psittacula Parrot, Struthio Ostrich, Pavo Peacock, Aptenodytes Penguin, and others

Pollination, seed dispersal, and pest control

Cultural significance and human interaction with bird species

Found in polar ice caps, deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands, and caves

Adaptations for flying or swimming in certain species

Unique characteristic presence of mammary glands for milk production

Two pairs of limbs adapted for various modes of movement walking, running, climbing, swimming

Presence of hair as a distinctive feature

External ears pinnae present in most species

Variety of teeth types in the jaw for different diets

Fourchambered heart structure

Warmblooded homeothermic nature

Respiration through lungs

Separate sexes with internal fertilization

Viviparous reproduction with few exceptions

Examples Oviparous Ornithorhynchus Platypus, Viviparous Macropus Kangaroo, Pteropus Flying Fox, Camelus Camel, Macaca Monkey, Rattus Rat, Canis Dog, Felis Cat, Elephas Elephant, Equus Horse, Delphinus Dolphin, Balaenoptera Blue Whale, Panthera tigris Tiger, Panthera leo Lion

Predators, herbivores, and scavengers

Importance in food webs and ecosystem balance

Level of organization, symmetry, coelom, segmentation, and notochord

Distinctive characteristics for each phylum or class

Porifera multicellular with cellular organization and choanocytes

Cnidaria tentacles and cnidoblasts, mostly aquatic

Ctenophora marine with comb plates for locomotion

Platyhelminthes bilateral symmetry with distinct suckers and hooks

Nematoda pseudocoelomates including parasitic and nonparasitic roundworms

Annelida segmented animals with a true coelom

Arthropoda most abundant group with jointed appendages

Mollusca softbodied with external calciferous shell

Echinodermata spiny skin and water vascular system

Hemichordata wormlike marine animals with a proboscis

Chordata includes animals with a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits

Agnatha jawless fish, primitive chordates, ectoparasites

Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates with two superclasses Pisces and Tetrapoda

Pisces includes Chondrichthyes cartilaginous fish and Osteichthyes bony fish

Tetrapoda includes amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Amphibians adapted to live both on land and in water

Reptiles characterized by scaly skin and adaptations for terrestrial life

Birds characterized by feathers and flight capabilities

Mammals characterized by hair and mammary glands for nurturing young