Liam gesturing across drawing: "A long one there, a long one there and a long one there" (1:03)

Repeating directional structure suggests sequencing awareness

EYLF 4.2 | Bishop’s: Designing | Process: Predicting | Precursor: Pattern

Liam describing block man: "Circle here, circle here and then circles on it" (1:39)

Structured repetition of shapes suggests early patterning

EYLF 4.1 | Bishop’s: Patterning | Process: Communicating | Precursor: Pattern

Liam evaluating blocks: "Find one that matches… No, no… very short… this one's enough" (1:44–1:56)

Sorting objects by measurable features

EYLF 4.3 | Bishop’s: Classifying | Process: Observing | Precursor: Comparison

Liam selecting: "We need one that’s very short" (1:56)

Size vocabulary shows comparison of object attributes

EYLF 4.1–4.2 | Bishop’s: Measuring | Process: Reasoning | Precursor: Comparison

Liam commenting: "It’s a really big one" (2:08)

Describing and comparing height for construction

EYLF 4.2 | Bishop’s: Measuring | Process: Describing | Precursor: Attributes

Liam noting: "My garage is higher" (3:06)

Comparing levels for structural planning

EYLF 4.2 | Bishop’s: Measuring | Process: Estimating | Precursor: Comparison

Liam’s adjustment of ramp length (2:52–3:49) showcases informal unit iteration to solve problems

Informal unit iteration to solve slope problem

EYLF 4.2 | Bishop’s: Measuring | Process: Trial and Error | Precursor: Iteration

Ciara’s planning: "Build a castle... for a queen and king" (1:20) indicates imaginative spatial reasoning

Imaginative spatial reasoning, shape recognition and part-whole awareness

EYLF 4.1–4.2 | Bishop’s: Spatial Reasoning | Process: Visualising | Precursor: Shape, Pattern

Liam using gestures to describe a block figure (1:39)

Combining shapes into a representational figure

EYLF 4.2 | Bishop’s: Representing | Process: Communicating | Precursor: Pattern

Ciara stacking and pressing blocks (3:06)

Imaginative spatial reasoning, shape recognition and part-whole awareness

EYLF 4.1–4.2 | Bishop’s: Spatial Reasoning | Process: Visualising | Precursor: Shape, Pattern

Liam: "This is the driveway" (0:19)

Naming and describing location within drawing

EYLF 4.1 | Bishop’s: Representing | Process: Reasoning | Precursor: Spatial Awareness

Liam: "I need a big ramp… a big run-up" (3:11–3:20)

Reasoning about location and directionality

EYLF 4.1 | Bishop’s: Designing | Process: Predicting | Precursor: Spatial Awareness

Ciara and Liam reacting to collapse: "It’s very wobbly… it fell down… it’s hard!" (2:28–2:37)

Children observe and adapt construction to suit material properties

EYLF 4.2 | NARST: Observing | Process: Evaluating | Precursor: Cause & Effect

Liam and Ciara adjusting unstable tower (2:28–3:06)

Responding to physical force and balance

EYLF 4.2 | NARST: Testing | Process: Adjusting | Precursor: Cause & Effect

Liam initiating: "Look what I’m going to do" (0:06)

Predictive intent expressed through early planning

EYLF 4.1 | NARST: Predicting | Process: Planning | Precursor: Change

Liam adjusting blocks for slope (2:52–3:49) indicate handson problemsolving abilities

Hands-on problem-solving and hypothesis testing

EYLF 4.2 | NARST: Testing | Process: Iterating | Precursor: Cause & Effect

Ciara’s observation of imbalance indicates evaluative thinking: "It’s very wobbly" (2:28)

Evaluating outcome of prior actions and adapting

EYLF 4.2 | NARST: Observing | Process: Reasoning | Precursor: Cause & Effect

Liam’s reflection on the difficulty of building indicates critical thinking: "Okay, this is really hard to make my garage" (3:49)

Reflecting on challenge and rethinking approach

EYLF 4.2 | NARST: Evaluating | Process: Reflecting | Precursor: Change

Liam’s expressive gestures and sounds while describing shapes highlight communication skills: "Circle here, circle here..." (1:39) + sound effects (0:44)

Expressing ideas through gesture, sound and language

EYLF 5.1 | NARST: Communicating | Process: Representing | Precursor: Symbolic Representation

Liam: "My garage is higher, so I need a big run-up" (3:06–3:20)

Real-world problem-solving using slope and gravity concepts

EYLF 4.1 | NARST: Reasoning | Process: Adapting | Precursor: Cause & Effect