Homeostatic Mechanisms in Human Physiology

This mind map, created using EdrawMind, explores the homeostatic mechanisms in human physiology, focusing on filtration and the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). Filtration maintains fluid, electrolyte, and waste balance in the kidneys, influenced by factors like blood pressure and membrane permeability. RAAS regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through a sequence of events triggered by low blood pressure, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. The map also explains osmosis, diffusion, and active transport as key processes in maintaining homeostasis.

Edited at 2025-08-10 08:32:03

BSN 1C - Satentes, Iggi T.

Recent works View more works>>

Homeostatic Mechanisms in Human Physiology
This mind map, created using EdrawMind, explores the homeostatic mechanisms in human physiology, focusing on filtration and the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). Filtration maintains fluid, electrolyte, and waste balance in the kidneys, influenced by factors like blood pressure and membrane permeability. RAAS regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through a sequence of events triggered by low blood pressure, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. The map also explains osmosis, diffusion, and active transport as key processes in maintaining homeostasis.

Homeostatic Mechanisms in Human Physiology

BSN 1C - Satentes, Iggi T.

Recent works View more works>>

Homeostatic Mechanisms in Human Physiology
This mind map, created using EdrawMind, explores the homeostatic mechanisms in human physiology, focusing on filtration and the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). Filtration maintains fluid, electrolyte, and waste balance in the kidneys, influenced by factors like blood pressure and membrane permeability. RAAS regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through a sequence of events triggered by low blood pressure, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. The map also explains osmosis, diffusion, and active transport as key processes in maintaining homeostasis.

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Homeostatic Mechanisms

Osmosis - Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Isotonic - any external solution with the same solute and water concentrations as body fluids

Hypotonic- a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to the cell

Hypertonic - a solution with a higher concentration of solutes (and therefore lower concentration of water) than another solution or a cell.

Diffusion - The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Simple Diffusion - Movement directly through membrane

Facilitated Diffusion - Requires carrier or channel proteins

Active Transport - Movement of molecules across a membrane from low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy (ATP) and carrier proteins.

Primary Active Transport - Directly uses ATP

Secondary Active Transport - Uses energy from an existing gradient (indirect ATP use)

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) - A hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance.

TRIGGER / ACTIVATION -Low Blood Pressure -Low Blood Volume -Low Sodium (Na⁺) levels -Sympathetic Nervous System stimulation

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS 1. Kidneys (Juxtaglomerular cells) → release Renin 2. Renin converts Angiotensinogen (from liver) → Angiotensin I 3. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) (from lungs) → converts 4. Angiotensin I → Angiotensin II

EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN II -Vasoconstriction → increases blood pressure -Stimulates Adrenal Cortex → releases Aldosterone -Aldosterone → increases sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys → increases blood volume -Stimulates ADH (Vasopressin) release → increases water reabsorption -Stimulates Thirst → increases water intake

END RESULT -Increased Blood Volume -Increased Blood Pressure -Restored Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Filtration - The process of separating substances from blood based on size and pressure, usually occurring in the kidneys to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and waste balance.

ROLE IN HOMEOSTASIS -Removes metabolic wastes (urea, creatinine) -Regulates water balance -Maintains electrolyte balance (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻) -Controls blood pressure (via RAAS interaction) -Regulates pH by controlling hydrogen ion and bicarbonate excretion

FACTORS AFFECTING FILTRATION RATE -Blood pressure in glomerulus -Permeability of filtration membrane -Surface area of glomerular capillaries -Obstructions (e.g., kidney stones)

FINAL OUTCOME → Balanced internal environment → Stable blood composition → Waste excretion while conserving needed substances