Study of carbonbased compounds.

Focus on their structure, properties, reactions, and synthesis.

Foundation of life sciences and pharmaceuticals.

Relevance in various industries like materials, energy, and agriculture.

Unique bonding properties.

Ability to form multiple covalent bonds.

Groups of atoms responsible for the chemical behavior of organic molecules.

Play a role in determining physical and chemical properties.

Different ways atoms can be arranged in a molecule.

Structural, stereoisomerism (geometric, optical).

Sharing of electrons between atoms.

Formation of single, double, or triple bonds.

Combination of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals.

sp3, sp2, and sp hybridizations in organic compounds.

Delocalization of electrons in certain molecules.

Multiple resonance structures representing the same molecule.

Substitution, addition, elimination reactions.

Oxidation, reduction reactions.

Stepbystep pathways followed during a reaction.

Intermediates, transition states, and catalysts.

Activation energy, enthalpy change, and reaction coordinate.

Exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Stepwise backward planning of a target molecule.

Breaking it down into simpler precursors.

Use of specific reagents to achieve desired transformations.

Synthetic methods like functional group transformations, protection, and activation.

Environmentally friendly approaches to organic synthesis.

Reduce waste, energy consumption, and use of hazardous materials.

Techniques like UVVis, IR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry.

Determination of molecular structure and functional groups.

Identification of characteristic peaks in spectra.

Correlation with specific structural features.

Obtaining compounds from natural sources.

Techniques like extraction, chromatography, and distillation.

Medicinal properties and therapeutic applications.

Drug discovery and development.

Formation of polymers from monomers.

Addition, condensation, and ringopening polymerizations.

Tuning polymer properties for specific applications.

Plastics, fibers, elastomers, and composite materials.