MindMap Gallery Protein biological mind map
The three-dimensional structure of a protein refers to the relative spatial position of all amino acid residues in the entire peptide chain, that is, the three-dimensional spatial structure of the entire peptide chain.
Edited at 2023-12-18 22:34:36Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
three-dimensional structure of protein
Overview
concept
three-dimensional structure or conformation
stability
Peptide group/amide plane/peptide plane
ramachadran plot
Subunits and monomers P128
Oligomeric protein, multimeric, monomeric
Protomer p128
Allosteric effect P134
synergistic effect
Positive synergy
negative synergy
idiosyncratic effect
activator
negative effector(inhibitor)
Protein conception is primarily determined by weak interactions
Ionic interactions (ion pairs and salt bridges), hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions
Peptide bonds have rigid and planar properties
diagonal definition
protein secondary structure
Definition (p100)
spiral p100
alpha-helix
subtopic
structure()
dihedral angle
Narrate (understand)
Chirality (primary, right hand)
D-aa left-handed
L-aa right-handed (most common)
Amino acid sequence affects alpha helix stability (5 points, p104)
Other spirals
β conformation (-conformation) p104
definition
β sheet (-sheet)
parallel and antiparallel
β strand/sheet (-strand)
β turn (-turn) or hairpin structure (hairpin structure) p105
180° turning structure, involving 4 aa
gly and pro residues
why
Type one and two
Ω loop
random curls
Super secondary structure and domains
Super Level 2
DefinitionP114
subtopic
Classification
αα
ββ
Anti-parallel folded sheet
The simplest: β hairpin structure (-hairpin structure)
βαβ
beta zigzag (-meander) (Greek key)
domain
Definition p116
Sometimes, functional domains
Reasons for the appearance of structural domains
Features and functions
flexibility
tertiary structure
definition
Quaternary structure
symmetry
4 types of symmetry elements
Driving force for level four associations
Van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, hydrophobic interactions
way of interacting
Specificity of subunit association
Provided by hydrogen and ionic bonds between polar groups on the interacting surfaces
The structural and functional advantages of fourth-level association
Enhance structural stability
Improve genetic economy and efficiency
Bringing the catalytic groups together
Has synergistic and allosteric effects
Membrane Protein
peripheral membrane protein
intrinsic membrane protein
first type
Membrane proteins with a single transmembrane peptide
membrane protein with seven transmembrane peptides
β-barrel membrane proteins—porins
Some transporters and channel proteins (p-p114)
The Glucose Transporterglucose transporter
the Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger
Transport ATPasesTransport ATPases
Water channels AquaporinsAquaporins
ion channels
Amphotropic protein/lipid-anchored protein
globular protein
Tertiary structural characteristics
Classification
all alpha protein
all β protein
α/β protein
alpha beta protein
Metal- and disulfide-rich proteins
Fibrous protein p106
Features
Polypeptide chains are arranged in long lines or sheets and appear fibrous or thin rod-like in appearance.
Generally composed of "a single type of secondary structure", the tertiary structure is relatively simple
Classification
alpha-keratin
It is a structural protein of skin and its derivatives developed from ectodermal cells.
left-handed spiral
Good scalability
beta sheet protein
Silk fibroin
β-keratin
Collagen
Collagen fibers
Procollagen
triple helix
elastin
Protein folding, denaturation, structure prediction
fold
Protein folding is not a random search to find the lowest free energy conformation
Methods to study intermediates
Folding is completed quickly in stages
Molten ball model
Folding of p141 involves isomerase and chaperone proteins
PDI
PPI
transsexual
Transsexuality and renaturation concept
Denaturant
Mechanism p135
Structure prediction
Methods for determining three-dimensional structures
X-ray diffraction
For determination of crystal structure
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance P94
Study on the dynamic structure of biological macromolecules
chemical shift
electron microscopy
Cryo-EM
negative stain electron microscopy
Advantages and Disadvantages (p-p198)
Protein conformation in solution
UV difference spectroscopy
Fluorescence and Fluorescence Polarization
Purpose p98
Circular dichroism p98
Purpose p-p218
protein dynamics
The regular secondary structure maintains the outline of the tertiary structure, and most of it is related to the biological activity of the protein. Most of the more active parts are composed of "turns and loops".