MindMap Gallery Introduction to Tourism 7th Edition Mind Map (2021 Edition)
This is a mind map about the seventh edition of Introduction to Tourism (2021 edition), including tourism impacts, tourism resources, tourists, tourism activities, etc.
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Tourism Studies
1. Historical evolution of tourism development
The impact of the industrial revolution on modern tourism development
Industrial revolution accelerates urbanization development
Change the nature of work for many people
Bring about new changes in class relations
Promote technological progress
Advantages of railway transportation
Travel is cheap
travel fast
Large capacity
Wide range of access
Why Thomas Cook was a pioneer in tourism
1841.7.5 Participated in temperance meeting
Event overview
significance
Features
publicity of participants
There is a dedicated person to lead and accompany the team
The team is bigger than ever
1845 commercial group sightseeing tour
event summary
Differences compared to previous activities
nature
Purpose
Organizational work content
"Liverpool Travel Guide"
Other innovations
One-time package tour
Vouchers, traveler's checks
global tour
The reasons and significance of the rise of modern tourism
driving factors
The world's population is growing rapidly
The world economy is developing rapidly
Advances in transportation
Increased automation of production and increased paid time off
The process of urbanization is accelerating
Educational development
pull factors
Group package tour products
Government support and encouragement
significance
2. Tourism activities
UNWTO definition
Esther definition of tourism
feature
Residuality, synthetic nature of travel and stay, temporary nature, non-immigration and non-employment
Element composition
content
Food, accommodation, travel, shopping and entertainment
system
Subject: tourists
Object: tourism resources
Intermediary: Tourism Industry
Type classification criteria
geographical scope
Domestic tourism, international tourism, intercontinental tourism, global tourism, regional tourism
Based on economic statistics needs
International Tourism VS Domestic Tourism
definition
difference
geographical scope
Convenience
Economic impact
Domestic tourism activities generally precede the development of overseas tourism and occur first as short-range tourism
In terms of developing tourism, almost all governments prefer to support the development of inbound tourism.
Huge domestic tourism demand has always been the fundamental force driving the development of tourism in various countries.
International Tourism Inbound tourism Outbound tourism Domestic tourism Domestic travel national tourism
Distinguish and connect
travel distance
long-distance tourism, short-distance tourism
Activity form
Group travel VS individual travel
definition
Advantages and Disadvantages
Travel purpose
recreational tourism
Sightseeing, vacation, culture, religion, adventure, special interests
business travel
Official, business, meetings, family and personal matters
Characteristics of modern tourism activities
Popularity among participants
mass tourism
Incentive Travel
social tourism
Growth in activity scale
Geographical concentration in spatial distribution
Meaning 2
Performance 3
Seasonality in time distribution
Cause 2
Basic measurement indicators of the development status of tourism activities
Number of tourists
Tourism revenue and tourism expenditure
Number of days of stay
3. Tourists
definition
International history of the definition
usual environment
residence time
get paid
tourists
inbound tourists
inbound tourists
Inbound one-day tourists
outbound tourists
What are not included in the statistics?
Domestic travel
Domestic tourists
Domestic one-day tourists
our country
Realistic tourists must meet the conditions
objective
Ability to pay
disposable income
discretionary income
free time
other
subjective
travel motivation
definition
Classification
Body
culture
Interpersonal (social)
status and prestige
Influencing factors
Internal factors
A. Study B. Attitude C. Perception (perception)
D. Personality
Palog
External factor
Classification
Recreational
Travel type
Family and personal matters
4. Tourism resources
definition
Any objective things that can be attractive to tourists, attract tourists to visit, have tourism development value, and can be utilized by the tourism industry can constitute tourism resources.
Classification
cause or content attribute
nature
culture
society
Is it renewable?
Renewable
Nonrenewable
Based on existence or use status
Reality
potential
Resource grade or market influence
world class
National level
Provincial (district) level
City (county) level
Features
Diversity
directionality of attraction
Monopoly
non-consumable
Tourism resource development
definition
necessity
Basic contents of tourism resource development work
The basic principle
Tourism project feasibility study content
What is the reason for the destruction of tourism resources?
natural factors
Human Factors
Principles and measures for protecting tourism resources
9. Tourism Impact
Economic impact of tourism destinations
advantage
Help increase foreign exchange earnings and balance the international balance of payments
Advantages of earning foreign exchange through tourism
High exchange rate
Settlement is timely
Not affected by trade barriers
Help boost domestic demand
Help increase the economic aggregate of tourist destinations
Contribute to the development of related industries
Help increase government revenue
Help balance regional economic development and narrow regional differences
Help increase employment opportunities
shortcoming
May cause price increases
May cause unreasonable changes in the industrial structure of tourist destinations
Overreliance on tourism will affect national economic security and stability
The theory that tourism promotes destination economy
tourism multiplier
definition
Economic Effects
direct effect
indirect effect
induction effect
secondary effects
type
operating income multiplier
income multiplier
Influencing factors
Tourism revenue leakage
Industrial structure and production capacity of reception areas
The impact of tourism on the social culture of the destination
Positive impact 5
Negative impact 3
Impact of tourism on destination environment
Positive impact 4
Negative impact 5
sustainable tourism development
concept
direct target
Implementation key
Tourism carrying capacity
Manager’s level and ability
measure
Measures taken to prevent and control negative impacts of tourism
Correct understanding
Strengthen tourism planning work to prevent overload development
Improve the legal system and strengthen management
Strengthen publicity and education and carry out tourism ethics construction
8. Tourism market
definition
market segmentation
Market segments
Tourism market segments
Why segment the tourism market? significance?
necessity
It is difficult to have enough strength to meet various needs
In order to optimize operations and subjectively do not intend to satisfy all
Effectively select your target market
significance
suitable target market
Targeted product development
Carry out targeted marketing communications
Common criteria for segmenting the tourism market
geographical factors
international tourism market
Domestic tourism market
Demographic factors
Classification
reason
Basic rules and trends of tourist flow
Short-distance travel abroad, especially international travel to neighboring countries, has been Occupy the vast majority (consumers’ choice of destinations gradually develops from near to far)
Tourist traffic originates from areas with higher economic development
Other trends
Large cities become tourism centers
The Asia-Pacific region’s status has improved
The growth rate of global long-distance international tourism will continue to be higher than that of regional international tourism
Basic status of my country’s inbound tourism market
constitute
foreigner
Overseas Chinese
Compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
foreign market
Asia
Europe
America
Oceania
Africa
Problems existing in my country's tourism industry in competition with international tourists
Relatively far from major international tourist destinations
Transportation is expensive
time distance barrier
Competition from neighboring countries and regions
Product development and quality issues
Overseas promotion and marketing need to be improved
my country’s outbound tourism
Categories: Overseas travel, border travel, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan travel
Outbound tourism market characteristics
Strong growth rate
Passenger flow mainly focuses on the Asia-Pacific region
Hong Kong and Macao have the largest share of tourism
Domestic tourism in my country
Features: 4
Trend: 2
7. Tourism Organization
government
Motives for intervening in tourism
Political aspects
economic aspect
social aspect
The need to intervene in tourism development
Decentralization, freedom
destination image
Consumer Rights
infrastructure
Social Security
sustainable development
international affairs
Main means of intervening in development
Demand management tools
Destination publicity and promotion
Provide information services to tourists
Controlling price affects demand
Control tourist inflow
supply management tools
control land use
regulate buildings
exercise market control
Implement special taxation
investment incentives
Project investment amount
Project operating costs
investment safety
national tourism organization
definition
Basic functions
Prepare master plan
Overseas market promotion
Development work
Coordinate with other departments
Tourism research
Human Resource Development
my country’s tourism management system
National tourism administrative organization
Provincial (or state) level tourism administrative organization
Tourism administrative agencies at the local level
my country’s national tourism industry organization
China Tourism Association
China Travel Agents Association
China Tourist Hotels Association
China Tourist Vehicle and Vessel Association
International tourism organizations joined by my country
world tourism organization
concept
purpose
Function
Member classification
world travel and tourism council
definition
Main activities carried out: 3 categories
Pacific Asia Travel Association
definition
purpose
Others: International Air Transport Association, International Civil Aviation Organization, World Federation of Travel Agents and Associations, International Hotel Association
5 and 6. Tourism
definition of tourism
The composition of the tourism industry
“358” and new standards
fundamental nature
Economic industry
Basic Features
Comprehensive industry
Labor-intensive service industries
Industries with strong policies
vulnerable industries
The role of tourism in promoting tourism activities
travel supply provider
A bridge to communicate needs
Catalyst for tourism activity
tourism product
definition
Overall travel product
Individual travel products
travel agency
definition
Classification
foreign
Travel Wholesale/Operator
travel wholesaler
tour operator
Specialized travel planning organizer
travel retailer
our country
Travel agencies that operate domestic tourism business and inbound tourism business
Travel agencies that operate domestic tourism business, inbound tourism business, and outbound tourism business
role role
Distribution channel
outpost
Mass tourism event organizer
basic business
Organizing and hosting group tours
All inclusive tour
service items
Reasons for popularity
Receiving and arranging individual travel
Individual traveler group business
Entrusted agency business
Hotel industry
rating
Purpose
grade
Group operation
cause
Hotel Group Classification
Hotel chain group
definition
Advantage
capital
technical economy
marketing
Material procurement
manage
risk spread
Type: 4 types
Hotel Cooperation Group
definition
Classification
Marketing Cooperation Group
Purchasing Cooperation Group
Employee Training Cooperation Group
Reservation System Cooperation Organization
The development of my country's hotel industry
travel transportation
definition
Task
effect
Comparison of major travel modes
car travel
air travel
rail travel
water travel
Factors influencing choice of travel mode
travel price
travel distance
Travel purpose
Personal preferences and experiences
tourist attractions
definition
Features
Specificity
Permanence
Controllability
Classification
Nature of establishment of tourist places
commercial, public welfare
Causes of dependent attraction factors
nature, humanities
The complexity of the content included
Single type, compound type
Tourism content or expression
Ancient ruins, historic buildings, museums, art galleries, parks and gardens, wildlife parks, theme parks, early industrial sites
quality level
5A, 4A, 3A, 2A, Class A
Position in the tourism industry?
What are the main factors affecting the operation of tourist attractions?
Changes in tourism demand levels
Competitive developments
Development of new application technologies
Macro policy changes