It allows us to perceive the world around us and holds information for a fraction of a second.

Examples include iconic memory (visual information) and echoic memory (auditory information).

It has limited capacity and lasts for about 20-30 seconds without rehearsal.

Maintenance rehearsal can help transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

It has unlimited capacity and can store information for hours, days, or even a lifetime.

It consists of explicit memory (conscious recall of facts and events) and implicit memory (unconscious memory processing).

It can be done through various encoding strategies such as rehearsal, organization, and elaboration.

Deep processing, which involves relating new information to existing knowledge, enhances encoding.

It is facilitated by the hippocampus and other brain structures, which consolidate and store memories.

Information can be stored in different memory systems, including semantic, episodic, and procedural memory.

It can be influenced by retrieval cues, context, and the strength of the original memory trace.

Retrieval can occur through recall (reconstructing information) or recognition (identifying information).

Information flows through these stores via processes like attention, rehearsal, and transfer.

Forgetting can occur at any stage of the process, such as decay, interference, or retrieval failure.

It emphasizes the role of semantic processing (meaning) over shallow structural or phonemic processing.

The more deeply information is processed, the better it is remembered.

Divided attention or distractions can lead to reduced encoding and poorer memory.

Selective attention helps filter relevant information for further processing and storage.

Increased motivation can enhance memory, while low motivation can lead to reduced performance.

Intrinsic motivation (personal interest) often leads to better memory compared to extrinsic motivation.

Emotional events are often remembered more vividly and accurately than neutral events.

Strong emotions can improve memory consolidation and retrieval, but excessive stress can impair memory.