MindMap Gallery Computer application basics
Self-study on the basics of computer application, which summarizes the history and Basic concepts, computer systems, performance indicators, representation of information in computers, etc.
Edited at 2024-02-04 19:36:01This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
This is a mind map about Deep Analysis of Character Relationships in Zootopia 2, Main content: 1、 Multi-layer network of relationships: interweaving of main lines, branch lines, and hidden interactions, 2、 Motivation for Character Behavior: Active Promoter and Hidden Intendant, 3、 Key points of interaction: logic of conflict, collaboration, and covert support, 4、 Fun Easter eggs: metaphorical details hidden in interactions.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
This is a mind map about Deep Analysis of Character Relationships in Zootopia 2, Main content: 1、 Multi-layer network of relationships: interweaving of main lines, branch lines, and hidden interactions, 2、 Motivation for Character Behavior: Active Promoter and Hidden Intendant, 3、 Key points of interaction: logic of conflict, collaboration, and covert support, 4、 Fun Easter eggs: metaphorical details hidden in interactions.
Computer application basics
computer history
Development: abacus-adder-automatic multiplication computer-general computer capable of performing complete four arithmetic operations-difference engine-analytical engine-series computers-electrical computer-MARK
Counting (manual stage), counting (mechanical stage), calculation (electronic stage), counting chips (Spring and Autumn Period, wooden sticks), abacus (slide rule)
Origin: 1642, mechanical adding machine. In 1673, "addition, subtraction, multiplication and division" were added. 1822, "Babbage's Difference Engine"
Birth: February 1946, University of Pennsylvania, USA. ENIAC, developed for the military, is used in artillery and artillery shells.
Founder
Alan Turing. The "Turing machine" model, the father of computer science, laid the theoretical foundation.
Von Neumann. The "Father of Computers" used binary to perform calculations and used stored programs to work.
Von Neumann Principle: Stored Program Control
Steve Jobs: Founder of Apple Group, IMac, Iphone
Bill Gates: Founder of Microsoft
Four stages of computer development
The first generation of electronic tubes from 1946 to 1957 - large in size and high in cost. Used for military and scientific research.
Second generation 1958-1964 Transistor—small size and low cost. scientific computing, data processing
Third Generation 1965-1970 Medium, small-scale integrated circuits—operating systems and conversational languages
Fourth generation 1971-present (super) large-scale integrated circuits—standardization, diversification, and generalization
basic concept
Features: fast computing speed, high calculation accuracy, large storage capacity, logical judgment function, high degree of automation, and strong versatility. A modern intelligent electronic device that can automatically and quickly perform large-scale numerical calculations and various information processing according to pre-stored programs.
Classification
By size: supercomputer, mainframe, medium-sized computer, minicomputer, microcomputer, single-chip computer
By component: electronics, photons, quantum, biocomputer
By purpose: special-purpose computer, general-purpose computer
By internal use of electrical signals: analog computers, digital computers
application
Scientific computing: numerical calculation, one of the most basic application fields
Data processing: Extracting valuable data from the messy and difficult-to-understand content in big data
Real-time control: timely processing, automatic control
Computer-aided design (CAD) Assisted manufacturing (CAM) Assisted education (CBE) Assisted instruction (CAI) Assisted testing (CAT)
Artificial Intelligence: AI simulates human intelligent activities
E-commerce (EC/EB): between enterprises and consumers: B2C; between enterprises and enterprises: B2B; between consumers and consumers: C2C; offline commerce and the Internet: O2O;
application
Word processing software: Word, WPS, Microsoft, etc.
Spreadsheet processing: Excel
Assisted design: Autocard, Photoshop, 3Dmax, etc.
development trend
Giant, miniaturized, networked, intelligent
New applications—smartphones, tablets, smart home appliances, cloud computing, cloud storage, big data, etc.
Future computers—superconducting computers, DNA computers, quantum computers, optical computers, nanocomputers, etc.
computer system
Hardware system
It consists of five parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.
The controller is composed of "program counter PC", "instruction register IR", "instruction decoder ID", "operation controller OC", "timing signal generator", etc.
bare metal
Host
Central processing unit (CPU)
Operator ALU
Controller CU
internal memory
main memory
By read function: read-only, random read; by medium: semiconductor and magnetic surface; storage method: random and sequential; by location: internal and external; by perservability of information: non-permanent memory and permanent memory ;
ROM (read-only memory, the CPU can only read and not write to them, cannot be modified, and will not be lost when power is turned off)
RAM (random access memory, the CPU can read and write data to them, all disappear when the power is turned off)
Motherboard (motherboard, system board and motherboard)
Chipset: A very large-scale integrated circuit that assists the CPU in its work
Transfer information: bus: control bus; address bus; data bus
Transmission method: serial transmission; parallel transmission
peripherals
External memory: U disk, CD, hard disk, floppy disk
USB advantages: hot-swappable; easy to carry; unified standards; can connect multiple devices
Cache Cache: Saves programs running on the CPU
Main memory: stores running and to-be-run programs and data
External memory: stores non-participating programs and data as well as long-term stored information
Input devices: keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, microphone, recorder, light pen
Output devices: monitor, speakers, headphones, printer
other devices
Software system
Software consists of two parts: program and documentation. The program is the most basic instruction and the main body of the software; the document is the explanation and description of the program;
application
General: Office software packages, database management systems, computer-aided design
Exclusively used: management information systems of various enterprises, etc.
System softwareOS
Operating system: DOS, Windows, UNIX, LINUX, OS/2
Instruction set (instruction system): instruction format (binary representation, including operation code and address code), instruction type, instruction function. Addressing mode, etc.
Language processing program: C, C, JAVA, BASIC
Programming languages: machine language - assembly language - high-level language (compilation and interpretation)
Utilities: diagnostics, troubleshooting programs
Performance
Short answer: 1. CPU performance indicators. 2. Memory capacity. 3. Input and output data transmission efficiency
Main frequency: CPU operating frequency (internal clock frequency, indicator of microcomputer speed)
FSB: operating frequency of the system bus (CPU base frequency)
Word length: The number of binary digits that the CPU can process at one time per unit time.
Front-side bus FSB frequency: affects CPU and memory exchange speed
Computing speed: how many instructions a microcomputer can execute per second
Memory capacity: memory size, total number of bytes of RAM memory configured by the microcomputer
Access cycle: The time required for a complete access (read/write) operation to the memory. The shorter the access cycle, the faster the access speed
Representation of information in computers
Number system: basic elements - base numbers and number weights
A binary number 0 or 1 is called a bit (bit abbreviation b) - an eight-bit binary number constitutes a Byte (byte, abbreviation B)
1KB=1024B; 1MB=1024KB; 1GB=1024MB; 1TB=1024GB (2 to the tenth power)
Characters are represented by a seven-digit binary code - ASCⅡ code, which can represent 128 different characters.
Network geography classification
LAN: geographical coverage within 10KM, (Ethernet)
Metropolitan area network: 10-100KM
WAN: more than 100KM, city countries or even the world
It consists of five parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device.