1. Indicates the north-south direction, with the North Pole always pointing to Polaris.

2. Imaginary axis, perpendicular to the equatorial coil

1. As a star, its relative position in space remains basically unchanged.

2. Visible at night in the Northern Hemisphere, invisible in the Southern Hemisphere

3. Observing Polaris from somewhere in the Northern Hemisphere: elevation angle = local latitude

Northern Hemisphere—Oceans (Arctic Ocean)

Southern Hemisphere - Land (Antarctic continent)

Concept: The angle traveled by a certain point per unit time

Features: Except for the pole which is 0, the rest are all 15°/h

Concept: The length of the arc that a certain point moves per unit time

Features: The equator decreases towards the poles, and the pole is 0

1. [Essence] The larger the radius of circular motion, the greater the linear speed, and the angular speed remains unchanged.

2. Different latitudes, the higher the latitude, the greater the linear speed, but the angular speed remains unchanged

3. At the same latitude, the higher the terrain, the greater the linear velocity, but the angular velocity remains unchanged.

4. Linear speed: Artificial synchronous satellite is larger than the earth

5. Angular velocity: artificial geostationary satellite is equal to the earth

Circadian phenomena (not related to rotation)

Alternation of day and night (the root cause is rotation)

Determine the morning and evening line

Find the cutting point

For a certain place, the time of day when the sun's height is maximum is noon. Generally, the noon sun height angle is marked as H.

The northern hemisphere is deflected to the right, the equator is not deflected, and the southern hemisphere is deflected to the left.

direction

size

Influence

Examine flowing water (river/ocean current)

Step 1 Draw the initial wind direction: high pressure points to low pressure, perpendicular to the isobars (horizontal pressure gradient force)

Step 2 draws the final wind direction: north, right, south, left, deflection occurs

Near the ground (around 1000hpa) it deflects 30°~45° due to friction, and at high altitude (around 500pha) it deflects 90°

Concept: refers to the time measured according to local longitude

a. It is the number of time, indicating the relative position relationship between the meridian of a certain point and the sun.

b. Same meridian, same place

c. Early in the east and late in the west

d. Calculation method: add east and subtract west

e. Calculation mode: vertical axis method (same subtraction and different addition)

a.Zone time = local time at the central meridian of the time zone

b. Central meridian degree = number of time zones × 15°

c. Time zone number = longitude/15° (rounded to the nearest whole number)

d. The time difference between zones = the number of time zones minus the same plus the number of different time zones

e. Characteristics: Early in the east and late in the west

natural date line

artificial date line