①Evaporation: Evaporation is weak due to low temperatures and high latitudes

② Infiltration: frozen soil is widely spread and infiltration is weak

③River: dense river network

④Terrain: low-lying, poor drainage

⑤Ling flood: There is Ling flood phenomenon

①Arid climate with little precipitation

②Less runoff injection

③High temperature and strong winds, strong evaporation

④Geological fault seepage

⑤Human activities use water, reclaim land from lakes, and divert water for irrigation

① Provide water source

②Adjust climate and improve heat island effect

③Provide habitats for animals and plants and maintain biodiversity

④Conducive to flood control and drainage

①The climate becomes drier and the temperature difference increases

② The effect of regulating downstream runoff is reduced, and floods and droughts are increased.

③The ecological environment deteriorates and biodiversity decreases

④ Expansion of salinization

⑤Drinking of groundwater level

①Precipitation

②Evaporation

③River injection

④River outflow: River outflow will take away the salt and reduce the salinity of the lake water;