Transportation refers to the movement of items in space with the help of transportation capacity. Specifically, transportation is the flow of goods between logistics nodes through various means of transportation, with the purpose of changing the spatial location of "things", including collection, distribution, relocation, transfer, loading, and unloading. A series of operations such as downloading and dispersing. Although the transportation process does not produce new material products, it can realize the spatial utility of logistics

freight unit passenger unit

Transportation does not produce a tangible product Transportation is highly dependent on natural conditions Transportation is a capital-intensive industry with a certain degree of monopoly Transportation is one of the main elements of logistics Transportation can create place benefits Transportation is the main source of the third profit source

Five factors affecting transportation rationalization

Effective measures to rationalize transportation

Function

principle

Production characteristics

Business characteristics

①Transportation is the core of logistics activities and one of the main functional elements of logistics ② Transportation has an important impact on other functions of logistics ③ Transportation can create “place utility”. Through transportation, the use value of things is improved. ④ Transportation is the main source of the “third profit source”. Freight costs account for the highest proportion of logistics costs, and the potential for savings is huge.

① Logistics is a systematic management that goes beyond transportation ②Logistics is different from transportation. It only focuses on the flow of physical objects. It also pays attention to the synchronous linkage of information flow and value-added flow. ③Logistics is centered on the interests of production and circulation enterprises. Transportation is only a necessary link in logistics management and control and is in a subordinate position. If there is logistics, there must be transportation, but no matter how perfect transportation is, it is not logistics. ④The management concept of logistics is more advanced than that of transportation. ⑤Logistics pays more attention to the application of advanced technology than transportation.

Logistics activities that carry out operations such as selecting, processing, packaging, segmenting, and assembling items according to user requirements within an economically reasonable area, and delivering them to designated locations on time.

connect

the difference

①Fast running speed ②Large transportation capacity ③Railway transportation costs are lower ④Railway transportation has low energy consumption ⑤The railway transportation process is less restricted by natural conditions, has strong continuity, and can ensure year-round operation. ⑥ It has good general performance and can transport both passengers and various types of goods. ⑦The accuracy of railway transportation arrival and departure times is relatively high. ⑧The train runs relatively smoothly, safely and reliably.

①Investment is too high ②Long construction period Comprehensive consideration, railways are suitable for transporting medium and long-distance, large-volume, time-sensitive, and high-reliability general cargo and special cargo in inland areas; from the investment effect point of view, construction between regions with relatively large transport volume The railway is more reasonable.

A shipper's consignment of goods whose weight, volume, shape or nature requires one or more trucks for transportation.

LTL transportation refers to a service form in which the cargo owner needs to transport less than one truckload of goods, and the shipping department combines the goods of different cargo owners into one truckload at the same destination before shipping.

Container transportation means loading suitable container goods that meet the container transportation conditions into containers and transporting them according to the container. Especially valuable, moisture-sensitive and fragile goods are suitable for container transportation.

For the convenience of the shipper or consignee, the goods transported by the vehicle do not need to change the loading station on the way or go through the transportation procedures at the transfer station with different property rights sources, but use one transportation bill to complete the entire transportation of the goods. This kind of goods The mode of transportation is called through transportation.

Combined transportation, referred to as intermodal transportation, is a comprehensive use of the advantages of various transportation methods in a certain interval to cooperate with different transportation methods, so that cargo owners can use the same transportation voucher according to a unified transportation regulations or system and enjoy the comprehensive integration of different transportation methods. Advantages of a form of transportation.

Vehicle transportation, LTL transportation, container transportation, chartered transportation

General cargo transportation

Special cargo transportation

Uninsured (uninsured) transportation, insured transportation

Ordinary speed transportation, express cargo transportation, express transportation

① Flexible and adaptable ② Able to achieve "door-to-door" direct transportation ③In medium and short distance transportation, the speed is fast and the freight is cheap. ④Less initial investment and fast capital turnover ⑤Easy to train operators and master vehicle driving skills

①Small carrying capacity ②High transportation energy consumption and high transportation costs ③Labor productivity ①Flexible and adaptable ② Able to achieve "door-to-door" direct transportation ③In medium and short distance transportation, the speed is fast and the freight is cheap. ④Less initial investment and fast capital turnover ⑤Easy to train operators and master vehicle driving skills

If the billable weight of the shipper's one-time consignment of goods is 3 tons or less, it is LTL cargo transportation.

If the billable weight of a consignment of goods by the shipper is more than 3 tons or less than 3 tons, but its nature, volume, and shape are sufficient for transportation by one vehicle, it is a whole batch of goods.

If a container is used as a container and a car is used for transportation, it is container transportation.

①Large transportation capacity ② Low transportation cost and low energy consumption ③ Low construction investment and saving land resources ④The average transportation distance is long ⑤ In waterways with good transportation conditions, the passing capacity of ships is almost unrestricted ⑥High versatility, can transport both cargo and various goods ⑦Ocean transportation plays an important role in foreign trade and cannot be replaced by other modes of transportation.

①Significantly affected by natural climate conditions ②Slow delivery speed and long transit time will increase the cargo owner’s liquidity ③High transportation costs and decoration costs

liner shipping

charter transport

①Fast speed ②Low damage rate and good safety ③The space span is large and is not affected by ground conditions ④It can save production enterprises’ warehousing fees, insurance premiums, interest expenses and other expenses

① Aircraft are expensive to build and consume a lot of energy. ②Small carrying capacity ③Subject to climate conditions

①Large shipping volume ② Small footprint ③Short construction period and low cost ④Safe, reliable and strong continuity ⑤Low energy consumption, low cost and good benefits

①Poor flexibility ② Strong specificity ③Strong franchise ④ Large fixed investment

1. Efficient transportation method

2 Efficient transportation methods

3. Highly collaborative transportation method

4. Transportation methods that are conducive to multimodal transportation

1 Container terminal yard

2 container freight station

3. The shipper’s or consignee’s factory or warehouse

1 door to door 2 doors to the site 3 doors to the site

4 games arrive at the door, 5 games arrive at the venue, 6 games arrive at the station

Arrival at 7 stops Arrival at 8 stops Arrival at 9 stops

The transportation process in which two or more means of transportation are connected and transferred to each other is collectively called composite transportation. The regulations for domestic multimodal transportation are that one mode of transportation must be sea transportation.

① During the entire transportation process, at least two modes are used, and they are continuous transportation in different modes. ② The goods in multimodal transport are mainly container goods, which have the characteristics of container transportation. ③Multimodal transport is a one-ticket, one-way freight rate. The shipper only needs to sign a contract, pay once, insure once, and complete the entire transportation with one document. ④ Multimodal transport is a comprehensive organization of different modes, and the entire transportation is organized and completed by the multimodal transport operator.

A modern logistics base that integrates a cargo collection center, a cargo distribution center and a circulation processing center is a logistics organization that can perform multiple functions.

Collection function

Save function

Picking function

Sorting function

Delivery function

information processing function

Adapt supply to changes in market demand

Organize storage and transportation cost-effectively

Provide high-quality storage, packaging, processing, distribution and information services

Promote rapid regional economic growth

Classification by internal characteristics of distribution center

Classification according to the circulation functions undertaken by the distribution center

Classified by delivery area

Classified by type of goods delivered

Refers to a model in which all aspects of enterprise logistics and distribution are raised, organized and managed by the enterprise itself to realize the distribution of goods within and outside the enterprise.

Enterprise Distribution and Delivery

Internal supply and distribution of enterprises

Refers to a distribution consortium with complementary functions established between logistics and distribution companies to improve distribution efficiency and rationalize distribution.

A delivery model in which several companies reach a certain agreement in the form of a contract to use each other's delivery system for their own interests.

Characteristics of interoperable delivery models

A complete set of operations in which one or more stored goods are taken out according to the order, organized and combined according to the customer's requirements, including splitting or repacking, and placed in a designated location.