MindMap Gallery Ebbinghaus learning method
The Ebbinghaus learning method, also called the movie learning method, is a learning method based on the forgetting cycle of the brain. The knowledge in this picture is clearly organized, very practical and worth collecting.
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Ebbinghaus learning method
Overview
Timely review and self-assessment of learned knowledge and memory effects are the main methods of Ebbinghaus's memory method.
Ebbinghaus's memory method is also a forgetting curve; you will forget it after an hour.
You can remember something by recalling it within an hour; it is better to recall it after a day
Next time, just think about it after three days.
Curve experiment
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) was a famous German psychologist
After he published his experimental report in 1885: the information people are exposed to after learning
Ebbinghaus once conducted a very famous experiment
He chose some meaningless syllables and irregular letter combinations, such as asww, cfhhj, ijikmb, rfyjbc, etc.
Through self-test, I got some data
Then, Ebbinghaus drew a curve based on these points. This is the very famous curve revealing the law of forgetting.
Memory effect diagram without using any tools. This curve tells people that forgetting in learning is regular. The process of forgetting is very fast, first fast and then slow.
Observing the curve, you will find that after one day, if you do not review it promptly, only 25% of the knowledge you have learned will remain. As time goes by, the rate of forgetting slows down and the amount of forgetting decreases.
Someone did an experiment. Two groups of students studied a text. Group A did not review after studying. The memory rate after one day was 36%, and after a week it was only 13%.
Group B reviewed according to Ebbinghaus's memory rules. The memory rate was 98% after one day and 86% after one week. The memory rate of Group B was significantly higher than that of Group A.
benefit
The Ebbinghaus method is effective for memorizing any learning material.
Can greatly improve memory efficiency
Receive the memory effect of getting twice the result with half the effort
Memory is not the final destination, it is just a means. The purpose of memory is to reserve the ability to understand and solve problems.
If you want to consolidate the knowledge you have learned, you must review it in time
To know how well your memory works, you should take frequent self-tests
Self-assessment is also a good review method and is a specific application of the Ebbinghaus mnemonic method.
method
A class of methods
It can take the form of trying to recall, etc.
try to remember
Trying to recall is to recall the knowledge you have learned in your mind. Some people call this "going through movies"
Trying to recall is to recall the knowledge you have learned in your mind. Some people call this "going through movies"
A way to force yourself to concentrate and use your brain to think.
Trying to remember is better than simply memorizing it over and over again
Conversation and argument
That is, debate and discuss the knowledge learned
It aims to explain one's own views and explain objective things and objective phenomena. When talking, you need to understand the other person’s opinions and gain inspiration from them.
Many celebrities like to talk and argue. When Einstein first studied knowledge, he often talked and argued with friends such as Solovin and Habicht.
Ask and answer questions
"If I were a teacher, how would I set questions to test students? What key points do I want students to master?" If you often ask questions to yourself and answer questions from multiple angles, you will get unexpected results.
Class II method
Asking questions is an important question. You must always think about the form of asking questions, the angle of asking questions, and the requirements of asking questions, so that they can be effective.
Try telling others: If you want to be a teacher, you must first be a student. When preparing to tell others, you must first understand
It requires us not only to know what is happening, but also to know why it is happening, not only to master the knowledge comprehensively and skillfully, but also to express it in our own words
Practice test
The knowledge that is often used in actual work and life is deeply remembered.
Between the abstract information symbols memorized by learners and the corresponding practical activities, there will be a conditioned reflection of the second signal system that is closely connected, and the memorized information will be easily extracted.
Specific forms
In terms of time arrangement, review and self-assessment can be carried out regularly or at any time.
Review and self-test can be combined. For the knowledge you have learned, self-test it after a period of time.
If you don’t know how to do it, or if you can’t remember it well, then review it with key points.
Review self-assessment
1. Review in time to seize the best opportunity to memorize; regular self-assessment can clarify which knowledge has not been learned and remembered, and which areas are easily confused and have errors, so that they can be verified and corrected immediately.
2. Timely review and frequent self-test can cultivate our ability to adapt to changes in circumstances.
During the exam, the questions often change from a different angle than when they were originally studied.
If you often use the self-test method and understand and digest the knowledge you have learned from many aspects, you will definitely be confident and not panic in the face of battle.
That is, make a review and self-assessment plan for the courses and knowledge you have learned, and then implement it on time.
Review regularly
That is, make a review and self-assessment plan for the courses and knowledge you have learned, and then implement it on time.
① Daily test: Before going to bed every night, you should recite the key points of the knowledge you learned that day. If conditions do not allow, you can write an outline or simply meditate.
②Weekly test: Sunday is off. You can ask questions about the courses you have learned in the week from a different angle and write them on a piece of paper to test yourself. If you find any problems or ambiguities, solve them immediately and never delay.
③Unit test: After you have finished studying a unit, you can self-test the main content of this unit and what you have gained after studying it, so as to digest it in time and consolidate your memory.
Quiz anytime
That means testing yourself anytime, anywhere
This method is effective for learning foreign languages
First prepare some cards. Write 5 foreign language words on the front and 5 corresponding Chinese words on the back. Keep them in your pocket and you can take self-tests at any time.
How to read aloud: As long as you don’t hinder others, you can read Chinese while watching foreign languages, or read foreign languages while watching Chinese. When you really can’t think of anything, turn it over and read it again.
Learn how to write: It is difficult to remember a foreign language without writing, and it is impossible to translate without practicing writing. You can look at the Chinese words on the cards and write the corresponding foreign language words.
You can write in the air with your finger pointing down while listening to a report in the auditorium, before a meeting, at the bus stop, or while waiting in line at the store.
When you see something, try to express it in a foreign language, or say it silently in your mind. This will not only make use of every bit of time, but also achieve the good effect of dispersed review. persevere
Specific application examples
1. Determination of review points (based on Ebbinghaus memory curve)
1. First memory period: 5 minutes
2. Second memory period: 30 minutes
3. Third memory period: 12 hours
4. The fourth memory cycle: 1 day
5. Fifth memory cycle: 2 days
6. Sixth memory cycle: 4 days
7. The seventh memory cycle: 7 days
8. Eighth memory cycle: 15 days
2. Recitation method:
1. What you need to remember when you first memorize words:
a) the appearance of the word, b) the Chinese meaning of the word, c) the memory method of the word
2. The specific recitation process of each list (each list is calculated as 12 pages, 10 words per page)
a) After memorizing a page (about 5 minutes), immediately return to the first word on the page and start reviewing (about a few dozen seconds)
b) Memorize pages 1 to 6 according to the above method (about 30 minutes), return to page 1 and start reviewing (two to three minutes)
c) Follow the same method as above to memorize pages 7 to 12 and end with a list.
3. Review process:
a) Review method: Cover the Chinese definition and try your best to recall the meaning of the word. If you cannot remember the word after several times, you can mark it and focus on memorizing it.
b) The time required to review a list is within 20 minutes
c) It is best to memorize the list of the day before noon, and review the list of the day about 12 hours later (preferably before going to bed)
d) Review the list memorized on that day in the next 1, 2, 4, 7, and 15 days.
e) Principles of review
Time interval: 30 seconds 1 minute 5 minutes 30 minutes 1 hour 8 hours 1 day 2 days 6 days 31 days
Percentage of reading time saved by relearning: 58.2 44.2 35.8 33.7 27.8 25.4 21.1
⒋Determination of review points
Human memory cycle is divided into two types: short-term memory and long-term memory
The first memory period is 5 minutes
The second memory period is 30 minutes
subtopic
subtopic
subtopic
The third memory period is 12 hours
These three memory cycles belong to the category of short-term memory
Here are some of the more important weeks:
The fourth memory period is 1 day
The fifth memory period is 2 days
The sixth memory period is 4 days
The seventh memory cycle is 7 days
The eighth memory period is 15 days
The above 8 cycles are applied to the word memorization method. As the 8 review points of a large word memorization cycle, they can maximize the efficiency of word memorization.
5. Precautions
a) Recite 2 lists continuously every day and complete the review tasks
b) Reviewing is always more important than memorizing new words. Review, review, and review again and again.
c) Do not miss a day, persist through these 15 days, and then spend about 1 hour reviewing every day
6. Timetable (after * indicates review content)
Day 1 list1→2 *list1→2
Day 2 list3→4 *list1→2 *list3→4
Day 3 list5→6 *list3→4 *list5→6
Day 4 list7→8 *list1→2 *list5→6 *list7→8
Day 5 list9→10 *list3→4 *list7→8 *list9→10
Day 6 list11→12 *list5→6 *list9→10 *list11→12
Day 7 list13→14 *list7→8 *list11→12 *list13→14
Day 8 list15→16 *list1→2 *list9→10 *list13→14 *list15→16
Day 9 list17→18 *list3→4 *list11→12 *list15→16 *list17→18
Day 10 list19→20 *list5→6 *list13→14 *list17→18 *list19→20
Day 11 list21→22 *list7→8 *list15→16 *list19→20 *list21→22
Day 12 list23→24 *list9→10 *list17→18 *list21→22 *list23→24
Day 13 *list11→12 *list19→20 *list23→24
Day 14 *list13→14 *list21→22
Day 15 *list1→2 *list15→16 *list23→24
Day 16 *list3→4 *list17→18
Day 17 *list5→6 *list19→20
Day 18 *list7→8 *list21→22
Day 19 *list9→10 *list23→24
Day 20 *list11→12
Day 21 *list13→14
Day 22 *list15→16
Day 23 *list17→18
Day 24 *list19→20
Day 25 *list21→22
Day 26 *list23→24
Day 27
Day 28
Day 29
Day 30 *list1→2
Day 31 *list3→4
Day 32 *list5→6
Day 33 *list7→8
Day 34 *list9→10
Day 35 *list11→12
Day 36 *list13→14
Day 37 *list15→16
Day 38 *list17→18
Day 39 *list19→20
Day 40 *list21→22
Day 41 *list23→24
Case
A student named Nadya Maheva in Sverdlov Village, Moscow Region, Soviet Union, often pretends that she is a teacher
I also prepared teaching notes, wrote a list of students on them, and acted as a student to answer questions, giving scores for each answer.
After a period of time, Nadya discovered: "In the past, geography class was like hard labor for me. But now, when I come back from school, I want to finish my homework immediately so that I can study geography."
Why is this so? Just because when I do this, I think, I am a teacher, not a student, so I am interested...
In order to keep my interest in geography from weakening, I have to keep taking teaching notes for a year