MindMap Gallery Medical Research and Thesis Writing Jilin University Introduction to Medical Research Mind Map Assignment
Medical research and thesis writing are organized according to review materials over the years. In the process of understanding and transforming the world, human beings use correct viewpoints and methods to explore the understanding and practical activities of the nature and laws of unknown or incompletely understood things.
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Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
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[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Medical Research and Thesis Writing
Introduction to Medical Research
Definition
Classic definition: In the process of understanding and transforming the world, human beings use correct viewpoints and methods to explore the nature and laws of unknown or incompletely understood things.
Concrete definition: the exploration work of organizing knowledge, modifying knowledge, creating knowledge, and developing new uses of knowledge
Professional definition: Use correct viewpoints and methods to explore the nature of human life and disease mechanisms, understand the mutual transformation laws of health and disease, and create methods to prevent and treat diseases and restore health according to this law.
scientific research
Classification
According to research nature
① Basic research ② Applied research ③ Developmental research (experimental development)
According to research time
①Retrospective study ②Prospective study
According to research objects
①Experimental research ②Clinical research ③Epidemic research
basic procedure
①Topic selection ②Research ③Hypothesis formation ④Scientific research design ⑤Experiment ⑥Summary and write a paper
Features
①Creativity ②Multiple risks ③Collaboration
Experimental Study
Definition: Research conducted through experimental methods using experimental animals, organs, tissues, cells, subcellular or extracellular matrix components isolated from the body as research objects.
Advantages of Experimental Research
① You can use experimental animals to do whatever you want without strictly controlling the experimental conditions. ② Animals can be used to replicate disease models and observe the entire process of the disease. ③It can shorten the research cycle, conduct repeated verification, and speed up research
Limitations of Experimental Research
① After the transformation of the medical model from the biomedical model to the bio-psycho-social medical model, psychological and social factors cannot be reflected in animals ② The physiological functions and parent-generation relationships of animals are different from those of humans, and the results obtained in animals cannot be ③The disease models made in animals are relatively simple and not completely consistent with naturally occurring diseases in humans ④The limitations of animal experiments cannot completely predict all outcomes in humans
Scientific research and design
Definition: The researcher’s basic conception and plan arrangement of the research content, technical route, research methods and expected goals of the research topic. Scientific research design includes professional design and statistical design
experiment
medical experiment
Basic elements of medical experiments
① Subject ② Treatment factors ③ Experimental effect
Things to note when selecting cases
① The diagnosis must be clear and reliable, preferably based on internationally accepted diagnostic standards, to ensure the homogeneity of cases and comparability between similar studies ② Fully consider various factors that have an impact on the disease under study ③ Follow the principle of informed consent ④ Cases The number of samples, i.e. the sample size, should be appropriate
Animal experiment
Factors to consider when selecting test animals
①Similarity ②Applicability ③Economy ④Repeatability
Experimental animal classification
①Level 1 animals, ordinary animals ②Level 2 animals, clean animals ③Level 3, animals without specific pathogens ④Level 4, sterile animals
experimental design
Basic principles of experimental design
①Control ②Balance ③Repeat ④Random
The main forms of comparison are
①Blank control ②Experimental control ③Effective control ④Paired control ⑤Inter-group control ⑥Historical control
Plan design and defense
Basic contents of scientific research design plan
①Topic selection, a review of the current research status of this topic at home and abroad, the significance of the topic selection ②Content, the basic ideas and methods of the research on this topic, main viewpoints ③Expected value, the degree of theoretical innovation and application value of this topic ④Research basis: related results, main reference
Defense points
① Clear purpose ② Clear thinking ③ Reasonable framework ④ Informative content: theoretical basis, practical support ⑤ Preparation for expression ⑥ Just right
Selection of scientific research topics
Definition: Selecting a topic to be studied or determining a research direction is a series of creative thinking activities including scientific research design.
General principles for selecting scientific research topics
①Principle of need, topic selection should be based on social needs and the needs of the development of science itself, and the purpose and significance of the topic to be selected must be clarified ②Principle of innovation, innovation is the most essential feature of scientific research labor ③Principle of scientific nature ④Principle of feasibility
The source and guiding significance of the topic ideas
① In practical work: Opportunities such as research clues will be encountered at any time in clinical practice. It depends on whether you can seize it. If you lack a prepared mind and appreciation, even if you encounter good clues, you will Missed. ② Review the literature: analyze the content of the article to improve scientific appreciation; study the content of the article to find entry points for work ③ Communicate with others: As a scientific researcher, you should not only obtain nutrition from the literature, but also communicate with others. Capture those verbal messages that spark innovative thinking.
Topic selection process
①Pose the original question ②Review the literature and formulate a hypothesis ③State the problem and determine the research topic ④Preparatory investigation or experiment ⑤The back-and-forth of the above links
Two purposes of the experiment
① Observe new facts that are hitherto unknown or unclarified ② Determine whether the hypothesis proposed by a certain theory is consistent with a large number of observable facts
technical writing
Definition: The storage activity of scientific and technological information. People record and express the information obtained in various scientific and technological activities in words to realize the storage, exchange and dissemination of scientific and technological data.
Scientific Papers
Classification of medical papers
Classified by purpose: academic papers, dissertations (bachelor's thesis, master's thesis, doctoral thesis)
Classification by content: theoretical papers, experimental papers, descriptive papers
Classified by form: short reports, reader newsletters, treatises, topic reviews
Characteristics of scientific papers
innovativeness
①New problems ②New concepts ③New methods ④New fields ⑤New materials
scientific
① Reflect the authenticity of the facts ② Objectivity in selecting materials ③ Reasonableness of analysis and judgment ④ Accuracy of language expression
normative
① In line with the rules of understanding ② Concise and clear ③ Convenient for readers to read quickly
readability
① Let readers understand, avoid being vague and obscure ② Make readers happy to read, avoid being dry and boring
Preparation for writing a paper
Develop central content
① A topic produces a series of several papers, and the relatively independent central content of each paper needs to be formulated ② The research results are inconsistent with the original idea, and need to be adjusted based on the actual results ③ The depth and breadth of understanding of the problem have changed, and the central connotation needs to be deepened ④ If a The project only produces one paper, and the research results are completely consistent with the original idea. At this time, the expression and writing techniques of the central content are formulated.
Things to consider when initially deciding on a proposed publication
①Discipline major ②Journal level ③Publication time ④Relationship
Organize materials
From perceptual to rational, from disorder to order, from isolation to synthesis, from complexity to simplicity.
The role of writing outline
① Ensure coherent thinking, clear organization, and clear hierarchy when writing. ② Conducive to the organization of materials to prevent duplication, omissions, and disorganization. The outline is short and easy to change. ③ Keep the writing close to the center, highlight the key points, and prevent the content from being scattered or digressing. ④It is conducive to communication, brainstorming and unified understanding among co-writers
Format and writing
IMRAD program
①What is the research problem---explain clearly in the introduction part ②How to solve the problem---the materials and methods used in the research ③What was found---the results part of the article ④What does the discovery mean---the discussion part of the article
Title requirements
① Be concise and clear, usually 20 words, remove function words and keep content words. ② Provide information that is accurate and appropriate
Conditions of signature
① Show that the results of the author's work and the author himself are recognized and respected by society, reflecting scientific priority ② Show that the author has corresponding responsibilities, that is, the author is solely responsible for the article ③ Facilitate academic exchanges
Contents of the introduction
①The purpose, nature, scope and problems to be solved ②Get straight to the point ③The background information of this study, contact the literature, explain the ins and outs of the problem, point out what are the gaps and focuses of knowledge ④Methods to solve the problems raised, the introduction will not talk about it The details of the methodology, but the basic way to solve the problem.
Notes on results
① Only write your own experimental results or survey results, do not include the work of predecessors or others, and do not cite references. ②Only write your own experimental results, without subjective analysis and reasoning. ③Use precise words and cannot be vague. ④Write those that are consistent with the expected results, and also write those that are contradictory.
vancouver format
①Sequence number ②Author's name (usually only the first three are listed, for Western classics) ③Title ④Magazine name (Western journals) ⑤Publication year ⑥Volume (issue) ⑦Page number and other items
Things to note when selecting references
① Appropriately cite articles by well-known domestic experts and scholars ② Author self-citation ③ Journal self-citation ④ Select journal documents, do not cite monographs ⑤ Cite printed documents, do not cite online journals ⑥ Cite core journals, do not cite general journals ⑦ Cite recent journals, Do not cite old journals ⑧Have a certain proportion of foreign literature
Some issues that need to be paid attention to when writing thesis
① Focus on writing the introduction well ② The literature review should have a clear purpose ③ The materials and methods should be relatively specific ④ The results must be true and reliable ⑤ Your new contributions and insights should be clearly stated in the discussion ⑥ References should be listed in full ⑦ The abstract should be careful Written