According to research nature

According to research time

According to research objects

①Topic selection ②Research ③Hypothesis formation ④Scientific research design ⑤Experiment ⑥Summary and write a paper

①Creativity ②Multiple risks ③Collaboration

① You can use experimental animals to do whatever you want without strictly controlling the experimental conditions. ② Animals can be used to replicate disease models and observe the entire process of the disease. ③It can shorten the research cycle, conduct repeated verification, and speed up research

① After the transformation of the medical model from the biomedical model to the bio-psycho-social medical model, psychological and social factors cannot be reflected in animals ② The physiological functions and parent-generation relationships of animals are different from those of humans, and the results obtained in animals cannot be ③The disease models made in animals are relatively simple and not completely consistent with naturally occurring diseases in humans ④The limitations of animal experiments cannot completely predict all outcomes in humans

Basic elements of medical experiments

Things to note when selecting cases

Factors to consider when selecting test animals

Experimental animal classification

Basic principles of experimental design

The main forms of comparison are

①Topic selection, a review of the current research status of this topic at home and abroad, the significance of the topic selection ②Content, the basic ideas and methods of the research on this topic, main viewpoints ③Expected value, the degree of theoretical innovation and application value of this topic ④Research basis: related results, main reference

① Clear purpose ② Clear thinking ③ Reasonable framework ④ Informative content: theoretical basis, practical support ⑤ Preparation for expression ⑥ Just right

Classified by purpose: academic papers, dissertations (bachelor's thesis, master's thesis, doctoral thesis)

Classification by content: theoretical papers, experimental papers, descriptive papers

Classified by form: short reports, reader newsletters, treatises, topic reviews

innovativeness

scientific

normative

readability

① A topic produces a series of several papers, and the relatively independent central content of each paper needs to be formulated ② The research results are inconsistent with the original idea, and need to be adjusted based on the actual results ③ The depth and breadth of understanding of the problem have changed, and the central connotation needs to be deepened ④ If a The project only produces one paper, and the research results are completely consistent with the original idea. At this time, the expression and writing techniques of the central content are formulated.

①Discipline major ②Journal level ③Publication time ④Relationship

From perceptual to rational, from disorder to order, from isolation to synthesis, from complexity to simplicity.

① Ensure coherent thinking, clear organization, and clear hierarchy when writing. ② Conducive to the organization of materials to prevent duplication, omissions, and disorganization. The outline is short and easy to change. ③ Keep the writing close to the center, highlight the key points, and prevent the content from being scattered or digressing. ④It is conducive to communication, brainstorming and unified understanding among co-writers

①What is the research problem---explain clearly in the introduction part ②How to solve the problem---the materials and methods used in the research ③What was found---the results part of the article ④What does the discovery mean---the discussion part of the article

① Be concise and clear, usually 20 words, remove function words and keep content words. ② Provide information that is accurate and appropriate

① Show that the results of the author's work and the author himself are recognized and respected by society, reflecting scientific priority ② Show that the author has corresponding responsibilities, that is, the author is solely responsible for the article ③ Facilitate academic exchanges

①The purpose, nature, scope and problems to be solved ②Get straight to the point ③The background information of this study, contact the literature, explain the ins and outs of the problem, point out what are the gaps and focuses of knowledge ④Methods to solve the problems raised, the introduction will not talk about it The details of the methodology, but the basic way to solve the problem.

① Only write your own experimental results or survey results, do not include the work of predecessors or others, and do not cite references. ②Only write your own experimental results, without subjective analysis and reasoning. ③Use precise words and cannot be vague. ④Write those that are consistent with the expected results, and also write those that are contradictory.

①Sequence number ②Author's name (usually only the first three are listed, for Western classics) ③Title ④Magazine name (Western journals) ⑤Publication year ⑥Volume (issue) ⑦Page number and other items

① Appropriately cite articles by well-known domestic experts and scholars ② Author self-citation ③ Journal self-citation ④ Select journal documents, do not cite monographs ⑤ Cite printed documents, do not cite online journals ⑥ Cite core journals, do not cite general journals ⑦ Cite recent journals, Do not cite old journals ⑧Have a certain proportion of foreign literature

① Focus on writing the introduction well ② The literature review should have a clear purpose ③ The materials and methods should be relatively specific ④ The results must be true and reliable ⑤ Your new contributions and insights should be clearly stated in the discussion ⑥ References should be listed in full ⑦ The abstract should be careful Written