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Pericarditis

This is a mind map about pericarditis, which mainly includes: constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion and pericardial tamponade, acute pericarditis, and general. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.

Edited at 2025-02-20 17:55:14

EllaGrace

Pericarditis

EllaGrace

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Pericarditis

General

Anatomy

A heart bag

Wall layer

Dirty layer

Pericardial cavity

15-50ml liquid

Lubrication effect

Function

fixed

barrier

Protect

Prevent excessive heart swelling

Classification

time

Acute pericarditis

＜6w

Subacute pericarditis

6w-March

Chronic pericarditis

＞March

Causes

Infectious pericarditis

Non-infectious pericarditis

Post-Mystolic Syndrome

Immune & Allergic

Acute pericarditis

Causes

Viral infection (most common), tuberculosis infection, post-Mystomia...

pathology

Fibrin → Exudability (fluid accumulation) → Constriction change

Shows & Signs

Early

Cellulosic pericarditis (villi heart)

Performance

The most important manifestation

Chest pain; tingling/sharp pain; posterior sternum/precenteral area

VS Myocardial infarction dull pain, stuffy pain

Radiate to the upper left limb

Cough, variant position, deep breathing → worsen pain

Signs

Pericardial friction sound/pericardial friction feeling

Intercostal 3-4, left margin of the sternum (cardiac exposure area)

Consistent with heartbeat

Late

Exudative pericarditis (pericardial effusion)

See below

examine

First choice

UCG

Chest film

Adult > 250ml

Children >150ml

Feel less and cannot be seen

The most valuable/most meaningful

Pericardial puncture

ECG

Limb lead low voltage

ST section bow raised back down

Question

Summarize

Myocardial infarction → ST segment arch is raised toward the back

Variants angina pectoris → transient elevation of ST segment

General angina pectoris → ST segment depression

treat

Treatment of primary diseases

Pain relief

NSAIDs

Glucocorticoid

Reduce inflammatory response

Repeated attacks

Pericardial resection

Pericardial puncture fluid

Pericardial effusion and pericardial tamponade

Causes

Tumor, idiopathic, infectious

pathology

Pericardial acute exudate ≥200ml → Compress the heart → Limit ventricular diastolic → Systemic circulation congestion, low blood pressure → Cardiac pressure blockage

Performance

The most important/most outstanding performance

Difficulty in breathing

The blood cannot enter the heart, and it stagnates into the lungs, but not much, most of it is circulating in the body

Signs

The heart boundary expands to both sides

auscultation

The heart sound is far away; the heart sound is weak

It's thousands of miles apart

Ewart sign

There is a sound in the percussion below the left scapula

Bronchial breathing sounds

Hey, so much water

Beck Triple Trial

Heart tamponade

Jugular vein opening

Arterial pressure

The heart sound is weak and far away

Suction pulse (superior pulse)

Pulse weakened/disappeared when inhaling

Pericardial effusion

It's strange that there is water in the pericardium

VS Asthma also has this sign

High chest pressure when inhaling is not conducive to blood reflux, less blood and weak pulse

examine

First choice

UCG

Chest film

Triangular flask centre

Roasted chicken

ECG

Limb lead low voltage

ST section bow raised back down

Confirmed

Pericardial puncture

treat

Symptom-based treatment

NSAIDs

Glucocorticoid

Heart tamponade

First choice

Pericarpination ≤200ml/time

Constrictive pericarditis

definition

The heart is surrounded by densely thickened fibrosis or calcified pericardial, and ventricular diastolic disorders are often chronic

Causes

Tuberculous

Most common

Nonspecific pericarditis, suppurative pericarditis, traumatic pericarditis

pathology

Ventricular diastolic restriction → Output ↓ → Accelerated heart rate compensation → Jugular vein angrily

Shows & Signs

Performance

It is mainly related to decreased cardiac output and systemic circulation congestion

Palpitations, dyspnea, large liver, abdominal effusion, lower limb edema

Signs

Jugular vein opening

Kussmaul sign

The heart sounds far and light

examine

X-ray

Heart shadow is triangle or spherical

ECG

UCG

Most commonly used

treat

Chronic constrictive pericarditis

First choice

Pericardial resection

Patients with stable condition

Anti-inflammatory treatment for 2-3 months

Tuberculous pericarditis

Anti-tuberculosis treatment, continue to fight tuberculosis for 1 year after surgery