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MindMap Gallery Application Basics of Wireless LAN

Application Basics of Wireless LAN

Summary of application basics of wireless LAN

Edited at 2022-03-12 11:02:30

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Application Basics of Wireless LAN

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Application Basics of Wireless LAN

Introduction

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

The cost of laying wired transmission media is high, the access location is fixed, and the mobility is poor, which cannot meet people's needs for the network. Wireless LAN came into being.

Refers to local area networks that use radio waves, lasers, infrared, etc. as transmission media

Based on IEEE 802.11 standard

Utilize high frequency signals

2.4GHz

5GHz

Basic concepts of WLAN

1. STA (Station) workstation

Terminal equipment supporting the IEEE 802.11 standard

2. AP (Access Point) access point

Also called a wireless access point, it provides STA with wireless access services based on the IEEE 802.11 standard and serves as an access point for wired and wireless networks.

1. FAT AP (Fat AP)

It usually comes with a complete operating system. In addition to its functions, it also has WAN ports and LAN ports. It can also be a network device that can work independently and realize self-management, and provides SSID, authentication, and DHCP functions (commonly used in home networks or small LANs). )

2. FIT AP (thin AP)

It can be understood as the slimming down of fat AP, leaving only the wireless access part, which is equivalent to a wireless switch or hub (the managed device needs to find the AC)

3. AC wireless controller

The wireless controller AC is used in a centralized network architecture to control and manage all APs in the wireless LAN.

4. CAPWAP (Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points) wireless access point control and specification

A common encapsulation and transmission mechanism to achieve intercommunication between AP and AC

5. VAP (Virtual Access Point) virtual access point

It is a virtual business function entity on the AP device. Users can create different VPAs on an AP to provide wireless access services to different user groups.

6. Radio frequency signal

High-frequency electromagnetic waves (2.4GHz, 5GHz) of WLAN technology transmission medium based on 802.11 standard

7. SSID (Service Set Identifier) service set identifier

Represents the identifier of the wireless network and is used to distinguish different wireless networks. (Example: wifi name)

8. BBS (Basic Service Set) basic service set

It is the range covered by an AP. STAs within the service area of a BBS can communicate with each other

9. ESS (Extend Service Set) extended service set

Is a collection composed of multiple SSIDs and BBSs

WLAN network architecture

WLAN network architecture is divided into two parts: wired side and wireless side

Wired side

The access point AP uplinks to the Internet network, using the Ethernet protocol

wireless side

Refers to the network between STA and AP, using the 802.11 protocol

autonomous network architecture

Also known as Fat Access Point (FAT AP) architecture, AP is used to implement all wireless access functions without AC equipment.

Centralized architecture

Also known as thin access point (FIT AP) architecture and agile release WIFI solution architecture

1. Thin access point architecture, AC centrally manages and controls multiple APs

2. Agile distributed WiFi solution architecture, centrally manages and controls multiple central APs through AC, and each central AP centrally manages and controls multiple RUs

Packets in WLAN

1. Management messages

Used to transmit management data between AC and AP, existing between AC and AP

Forwarding: CAPWAP tunnel forwarding must be used

2. Business data messages

Used to transmit data when WLAN clients access the Internet, and exists between the STA and the upper-layer network.

Forwarding: CAPWAP, direct forwarding, and Soft-GRE can be used

(1) In the WLAN network, the messages between the STA and the AP use the 802.11 protocol, and the messages between the AP and the wired network use the 802.3 protocol. (2) The AP acts as a bridge between the STA and the wired network, converting and then forwarding

Division of VLANs in WLAN

1. Management VLAN

Mainly transmits management messages between AC and AP

2. Business VLAN

Mainly used to transmit data packets from WLAN clients when accessing the Internet.

AP discovery AC process

1. Static discovery

(1) Check the routing table and send the "discovery" message in unicast

(2) When the AP receives the response from the AC, it selects the one with the same priority; it selects the one with the smallest load; if the priority and load are the same, it selects the one with the smallest IP address.

2. Dynamic discovery

When the AP does not have a static AC IP address configured, use DHCP, DNS, or broadcast discovery to discover the AC.

AP access control

Configuration

[AC]dhcp enable Use DHCP to configure the network

[AC]interface Vlanif 1

[AC-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.10.254 24

[AC-Vlanif1]dhcp select interface

[AC-Vlanif1]dhcp server excluded-ip-address 10.0.10.254 exclude this IP address

[AC]capwap source interface Vlanif 1 Bind VLAN to tunnel capwap

[AC]wlan Enter wlan view to configure authentication

[AC-wlan-view]ap auth-mode mac-auth authentication is set to mac address authentication

[AC-wlan-view]ap-id 1 ap-mac 00e0-fc91-7120 Import the mac address of the AP

[AC-wlan-ap-1]ap-name AP-1 create name

[AC-wlan-view]wlan

[AC-wlan-view]security-profile name sec-cfg-1 Create a security profile and set the name

[AC-wlan-sec-prof-sec-cfg-1]security wpa-wpa2 psk pass-phrase abcd1111 aes Configure security policy and set access password

[AC-wlan-view]ssid-profile name ssid-cfg-1 Create SSID template

[AC-wlan-ssid-prof-ssid-cfg-1]ssid wifi-5G Set SSID name

[AC-wlan-view]vap-profile name vap-cfg-1 Create VAP template

[AC-wlan-vap-prof-vap-cfg-1]forward-mode direct-forward Set the forwarding mode to direct forwarding

[AC-wlan-vap-prof-vap-cfg-1]security-profile sec-cfg-1 refers to the security template

[AC-wlan-vap-prof-vap-cfg-1]ssid-profile ssid-cfg-1 refers to the SSID template

[AC-wlan-view]ap-name AP-1 Enter AP-1 view

[AC-wlan-ap-1]vap-profile vap-cfg-1 wlan 1 radio 1 Quote the VAP template and set the radio frequency signal