The development history of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence, also known as omniscience and machine intelligence, refers to the intelligence displayed by machines made by humans. The picture below summarizes the knowledge content of the development history of artificial intelligence. It is worth collecting and studying!

Edited at 2021-09-07 19:23:01

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The development history of artificial intelligence

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The development history of artificial intelligence

The birth of artificial intelligence

1943--1956

In 1937, Turing published an article on how machines can assist mathematical research; in 1950, he raised the issue of machine thinking. In October of the same year, he published the paper "Can Machines Think?" ", which earned Turing the title of "Father of Artificial Intelligence"; in 1966, to commemorate Turing's contribution, the Turing Award was established by the American Computer Association.

In 1943, McCulloch-Peters proposed the MP model, the earliest neural network model based on threshold logic. This was the prototype of the perceptron and ushered in the era of artificial neural network research.

In 1946, the world's first digital general-purpose computer was born, laying the hardware foundation for artificial intelligence.

The term "artificial intelligence" was first proposed at the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, marking the official birth of the new discipline of artificial intelligence.

The infancy of artificial intelligence

1956--1974

In 1957, Blatt designed the first computer neural network, the perceptron.

In 1967, the nearest neighbor algorithm appeared.

Artificial Intelligence’s First Underestimation

1974--1980

Insufficient assessment of project difficulty leads to unfulfilled promises, dampened expectations, and funding agencies pulling funding.

In the 1970s, AI encountered criticism. Minsky's attack on the perceptron caused the research on neural networks to enter a cold winter.

Artificial intelligence application development period

1980--1989

In 1982, John proved that a new type of artificial neural network revived connectionism, which had been abandoned since 1970, and set off a craze for neuron networks.

The second underestimation of artificial intelligence

1989--1993

From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, AI encountered a series of financial problems.

In 1987, demand in the AI hardware market suddenly declined.

Desktop computers from Apple and IBM continued to improve, surpassing expensive Lisp machines from Symbolics and others.

Steady development period of artificial intelligence

1993--2006

In 1995, Wapnick and others formally proposed statistical learning theory.

In 1997, IBM's supercomputer Deep Blue defeated the world chess champion Kasparov.

The booming period of artificial intelligence

2006--present

In 2018, Baidu made a breakthrough, making the speech recognition accuracy close to 98% and supporting multiple dialect input.

In October 2017, the robot Sophia was granted Saudi citizenship, becoming the first robot in the world to obtain citizenship.

In 2015, with the rise of "end-to-end" technology, speech recognition entered an era of flourishing.

In 2012, Professor Hinton used a deep artificial neural network to absolutely defeat the giant Google in the image classification competition ImageNet.

In 2009, speech recognition entered the DNN era and emerged from the stagnation of nearly ten years.

In 2006, Jeffrey and his students published an article in Science magazine, ushering in the era of deep learning development. After that, the learning ability of convolutional neural networks attracted attention.