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MindMap Gallery General Psychology Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception

General Psychology Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception

Chapter 3 of "General Psychology" Sensation and Perception is the reflection of the human brain on individual attributes or parts of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs.

Edited at 2023-11-22 22:57:37

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General Psychology Chapter 3 Sensation and Perception

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Chapter 3 Sense and Perception

Section 1 Feeling

meaning

The human brain's reflection of individual attributes or parts of objective things that directly act on the sensory organs

Features

1 Feeling is a reflection of the individual attributes of objective things. For example, rectangular, yellow, and hard are the individual attributes of the table respectively.

2 Feelings only reflect objective things that directly act on sensory organs

3. Sensory reflections are caused by individual sensory organs. Once the sensory organs are damaged or even destroyed, corresponding feelings cannot be produced.

effect

Provides information about the internal and external environment. For example, only by feeling can people recognize the color, smell, and hardness of external objects.

Ensure the balance of information between the body and the environment. eg Living in isolation for a long time is unbearable.

Feeling is the basis of all higher and more complex psychological phenomena

several main feelings

external sensation

Vision

The appropriate stimulus is light. 80% to 90% of the information is provided by vision, so vision is the most important sense for humans.

Chroma, lightness, saturation

hearing

The stimulus is a sound between 20 and 20,000 Hz

pitch, intensity, timbre (pitch, loudness, sound quality)

Smell and taste

4 basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty

skin sensation

tactile pressure

temperature sense

When the stimulation temperature is higher than physiological zero, a temperature sensation is produced; when the stimulation temperature is lower than physiological zero, a cold sensation is produced.

pain

Protects the body from harm

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. The importance of skin sense is overshadowed by the general audio-visual sense. In fact, it plays a very important role.

internal feeling

Kinesthetic sense

sense of balance

eg Lifting and lowering when taking an elevator forward and backward turns when riding in a car

body sense

Features

Sensation is imprecise, resolution is poor, and many visceral receptors cannot elicit subjective feelings

Sensory phenomena and patterns

qualia

Susceptibility: A person’s ability to feel stimuli is called susceptibility

absolute susceptibility

differential susceptibility

eg chef, jewelry appraiser, lighting technician

sensory threshold

absolute threshold

difference threshold

Weber constant: K=△I/I, K is a constant, the smaller the constant, the sharper the feeling.

Inversely proportional: the larger the threshold value, the weaker the susceptibility

sensory adaptation

visual adaptation

Ming adaptable

Walking out of the cinema

dark adaptation

From a bright place into a dark interior

auditory adaptation

It was noisy at first, but I got used to it later

skin sensation

The water is cold when swimming, but not cold after getting used to it

sense of smell

You can enter the house of orchid for a long time without smelling its fragrance; you can enter the house of abalone for a long time without smelling its smell.

Pain is a defensive reflex that serves as an alarm

afterimage of feeling

positive afterimage

negative afterimage

visual afterimage

eg movie playback, flash fusion

contrast of feelings

Simultaneity contrast

Successive contrast

eg. Don’t eat apples first and then oranges. After putting your hands into cold water and hot water respectively, and then into warm water, you will have different feelings.

sensory interaction

The interaction of different senses

Weak stimulation can increase the susceptibility of another sense, while strong stimulation can reduce this susceptibility.

eg When eating, pay attention to the color, flavor and taste.

Compensation and collaboration of different senses

Compensation: eg deaf-mute people use eyes instead of ears to read lips

Synesthesia: eg color vision can cause temperature sensation

Section 2 Perception

meaning

The whole or comprehensive reflection of various parts and attributes of objective things that the brain directly acts on the sensory organs

Features

Produced under the direct influence of objective things

A comprehensive reflection of the various attributes of various parts of objective things

The generation of perception is based on multiple past sensory experiences of the object

Several main senses

object perception

spatial perception

shape perception

size perception

Orientation perception

depth perception

binocular cues

width convergence

Binocular Parallax: Principles of 3D Filmmaking

monocular cues

relative size of objects

Occlusion: The blocking object is close and the blocked object is far away

texture gradient

light and shadow

Line perspective: parallel lines, train tracks

aerial perspective

motion parallax

Eye adjustment

time perception

Recognize time and distinguish various activities according to chronological order

class schedule

Confirmation of time

what time is it now

Estimate of duration

How long have you been taking classes? What day does school start?

prediction of time

Countdown to College Entrance Examination

motion perception

kinesthetic perception

Induced movement and voluntary movement

Social Perception (not tested)

properties of perception

Perceptual selectivity

Perceptual object

perceptual context

They depend on each other and can be converted into each other

the wholeness of perception

proximity principle

similarity principle

Continuity principle eg Big Dipper

closed principle eg country, encirclement

principle of common destiny

symmetry principle

perceptual intelligibility

perceptual constancy

Experience plays a key role in constancy

illusion

Leyer's illusion

moon illusion

Oberson's illusion

Deborah Illusion

Herzen's illusion

codification illusion

The relationship between feeling and perception

the difference

Reflect different objects

The production process is different

The factors that depend on it are different

connect

Feeling is the premise and condition of perception. Both belong to perceptual knowledge and are inseparable.

one feeling causes another feeling

The smallest amount of difference between two similar stimuli that can just be felt

The sensory ability that can just detect the smallest difference between similar stimuli