Unit membrane structure, also called surface membrane

Function

matrix

organ

inclusions

Composed of nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin

Classification

A period when physiological phenomena are very active, including the activity, feeding, and proliferation stages of protozoa. In parasitic protozoa, it is often the pathogenic stage.

In an unsuitable environment, the protozoa secrete a shell to surround the parasite body and form an inactive cyst, which becomes an important link in transmission.

Only one kind of host is needed to complete the life history, and it spreads among people through contact or intermediate media.

Requires two or more vertebrates to serve as final hosts and intermediate hosts, and for transmission between the two

It needs to develop sexually or asexually in blood-sucking insects to the infection stage, and then transmit the pathogen to humans or other animals through insect vector bites and blood-sucking

Osmosis, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport

Pseudopodia feeding, soma feeding

binary fission

multiple divisions

budding

zygotic reproduction

Gametogenesis

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction occur alternately

Individuals with normal immune function have no obvious clinical manifestations after being infected with certain protozoa and are in a state of latent infection. However, when the body's resistance decreases or the immune function is incomplete, the reproductive ability and pathogenicity of these protozoa are significantly enhanced, causing patients to develop obvious clinical symptoms and signs. Such protozoa are called opportunistic pathogenic protozoa.

Formed feces containing cysts. It can excrete 50 million cysts every day and is an important source of infection in epidemiology.

Mucus and bloody stool, jam-like, fishy smell, containing trophozoites

A large number of red cells and a small amount of white cells, Charcoal Leyden's crystals, phagocytosis of red cell trophozoites

Mediates the adhesion of parasites to host cells

Can cause pore-like damage to host cells

Dissolve and destroy tissue cells

80% of patients have localized abdominal pain

Direct spread or hematogenous spread

Most common

The skin at the ulcerated site may undergo an inflammatory reaction, causing the skin to become red, swollen or even ulcerated.

dysentery patient

Stool examination is still the most effective method for diagnosing intestinal amoebiasis

Detection of active trophozoites in loose or bloody stools

Quick check

Chronic intestinal amebiasis or carriers

For patients with chronic diarrhea and formed stool, the main purpose is to check for cysts

Iodine solution staining

For some chronic patients, stool examination should last for 1 to 3 weeks, with multiple examinations to ensure that no patient is missed.

Cultures are often from stool or abscess aspirate

Using Robinson's medium

Cyst resistance: can live for 1 month in water. Cysts will not be killed in disinfected drinking water containing 2mg/L residual chlorine, but will easily die in a dry environment.

Dysentery, liver abscess

The current drug of choice for the treatment of amoebiasis