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MindMap Gallery Lesson 2 Acoustic Basics of Audio Program Production [Audio Editing Training]

Lesson 2 Acoustic Basics of Audio Program Production [Audio Editing Training]

Audio broadcasting: basic concepts of acoustics in post-editing. Contains text analysis of demand orders, production process knowledge points, Create interface knowledge points, etc.

Edited at 2024-01-18 20:34:55

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Lesson 2 Acoustic Basics of Audio Program Production [Audio Editing Training]

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Outline

Lesson 10 The working principle and practical scenarios of reverb [Audio editing training]
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Summary of intensive lectures and exercises (Part 1) [Character analysis]
- 21
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6. Intensive lecture summary lesson (Part 2)
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5. Performance skills for social science works
- 24
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4. The uniqueness of the performance of genre works [Actual combat on the track]
- 21
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3. Intensive summary (Part 1) [Practical combat on the track]
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Multi-track editing [audio post-production]
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(2) Progressive changes in the character’s emotions [Character’s emotions]
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Lesson 1 Industry Prospects Understanding Audio Post-production [Audio Editing Training]
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acoustics
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Lesson 2 Acoustic Basics of Audio Program Production [Audio Editing Training]

Requirement order text analysis

Text content: Introduction to the book or fragments of the novel. For later recruitment, it will also explain the track direction of our needs, the overall production style direction and other content;

Audio tracks: urban romance, fantasy martial arts, suspense horror, future science fiction.

Naming format: Standardize file naming. If the naming is not standardized, it is likely that the other party will not open your audio and you will be eliminated;

Do not include unnecessary characters in the file name, such as "downmix", and do not write the name incorrectly.

If there are detailed file naming format requirements in the audition sheet or demand sheet, just name them exactly according to the format required by the requester;

There is no mention of how to name the file. Name it according to the name of the book and the name used when receiving orders. Himalaya UID/contact information.

File format: sampling rate (44100Hz) - bit depth (16bit) - bitrate (256kbps) - file format (mp3) - channel (stereo)

Audio quality: The volume is controlled between -3 and -6, without background noise, drooling, keyboard sound, and no room mixing.

Create interface knowledge points

The first thing you need to set is the sampling rate, channel, and bit depth;

Sampling Rate: refers to the frequency at which analog signals are discretized in digital signal processing, usually expressed in units of (hz) or (Khz). In the field of audio processing, the sampling rate refers to the number of audio samples collected per second, which determines the lateral time resolution;

Common sampling rates: 44100Hz: standard CD sound quality sampling rate; 48000Hz: sampling rate commonly used in video production and digital audio work; 96000Hz: used for high-fidelity audio recording; 192000Hz: used for ultra-high-fidelity audio recording

Bit depth: The unit is bit. Bit depth is the size of storing a single sample data, which is the accuracy of each of our audio sampling points. The higher the bit depth, the greater the dynamic amplitude of the sound that can be recorded, and the accuracy of the recorded sound data. The higher it is, the higher the sound reproduction will be, and of course the audio file will be larger. It determines the longitudinal amplitude resolution;

MP3: 44100Hz 16bit; Video vocal: 48000Hz 24bit;

Audio channel: The choice of audio channel determines the sense of space of the work. Audiobooks only have stereo and mono. Stereo can have a better sense of space and can perform spatial positioning; mono can be better compatible with various surround equipment.

Production process knowledge points

volume, loudness, frequency

Volume: the physical strength of the audio signal, that is, the size of the sound we often refer to, the unit is dB;

In the waveform file, the value on the right ordinate scale corresponding to the waveform is the volume value of the current waveform.

In the field of digital audio, volume is recorded as a negative number for the following reasons: 1. To avoid excessively large positive numbers, which facilitates processing and display; 2. Negative numbers can more intuitively represent the logarithmic change in the human ear's perception of loudness; 3. Negative numbers can directly represent the characteristics of signal attenuation and conform to the physical laws of sound propagation attenuation.

If it exceeds 0dB, it will be overloaded, resulting in clipping distortion; in the audio industry, 0dB is the limit of sound volume. If the volume exceeds 0dB, it is usually called a sonic boom; once it exceeds 0, the level meter will have a red light that is always on; after exporting the audio , the sound is like being cut like a leek, there is nothing above 0dB, and even the entire audio will be tingling.

Loudness: Easily confused with the concept of volume. Loudness is a person’s subjective feeling of sound pressure, that is, the intensity of energy; loudness is a relative concept, that is, sounds of different frequencies and intensities may have the same loudness, so we will extend a concept called loudness normalization;

Loudness is people's subjective perception of sound, which is designed to the listener's perception and emotional response; while volume is a technical parameter that controls sound intensity and is used to adjust the parameter value of the equipment, that is, the output level of the audio equipment.

When the listener changes channels or switches audio, because the loudness is not uniform, significant changes in volume will occur, affecting the listener's sense of hearing and comfort. Therefore, a unified standard for loudness was born;

Loudness detection plug-in: 1. Amplitude statistics automatically detect and calculate the peak loudness of the entire audio to determine whether it exceeds the audition requirements (left picture); 2. WLM Meter (Waves series plug-in) It will continuously listen to our audio , slowly calculate the loudness and take an average value of the loudness (right picture).

Frequency: refers to the oscillation speed of the sound waveform, usually expressed in (Hz). Audio frequency determines the pitch, or pitch, of a sound. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches.

In audio work, you can adjust the frequency to achieve sound effect processing, or you can perform preliminary mixing production or noise reduction processing by detecting the frequency spectrum;

Frequency check:

You can use plug-ins to make some adjustments to the frequency of the sound. The plug-in that adjusts the frequency is EQ (equalizer).

Bitrates and file formats

Bit rate: Also known as bit rate, the unit is kbps. It refers to the amount of data circulated per second during sound playback, which affects the quality of audio playback and determines the size of the audio file.

Therefore, there is no bitrate parameter setting option when creating a new file, but it is available when exporting the audio file.

Prerequisite: Select the mp3 format when exporting. If you select the wav format, there is no bitrate option. The bit rate is equivalent to a pipe, which determines how much data can be circulated. MP3 is a lossy format, which is equivalent to being compressed, so it involves how much data can be circulated. Wav is a lossless format and does not require compression, so there is no bit rate option.

Format selection and application

MP3: Lossy audio format, smaller file size;

WAV: Lossless audio format with larger file size.

No background noise, no drooling sounds, no keyboard sound, and no room ambiguity

The dry sound needs to be clear and noise-free, and a certain amount of noise reduction and processing is required.

Finished product file output

When converting mono to stereo, the volume will be lost by 6dB, so it is recommended to record directly in stereo according to Party A's requirements, without switching channels back and forth;

Commonly used parameters on the market: Sampling rate: 44100Hz (44.1kHz)/48000 (48kHz); Bit depth: 16bit, 24bit, 32bit; Channel: mono dry sound, stereo finished product; Bit rate: 192kbps, 256kbps, 320kbps; File format: MP3, WAV; Volume: between -3dB to -6dB; Loudness: between -16lufs to -18lufs.