MindMap Gallery solution concentration
This is a mind map about the concentration of a solution, including concepts, The mass fraction of solute, the relationship between solubility and solute mass fraction, calculation of solution concentration, etc.
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solution concentration
concept
The amount of solute contained in a certain amount of solution is the solution concentration
mass fraction of solute
concept
Mass of solute: mass of solution
basic expression
Solute mass fraction = solute mass: solution mass × 100%
1. Solute mass: Solute mass Solvent mass × 100%
2. Solute mass = solution mass × solute mass fraction
3. Solution mass = solute mass: solute mass fraction
Solubility and solute mass fraction relationship
significance
solubility
A measure of the solubility of a substance, affected by changes in external temperature
solute mass fraction
Represents the amount of solute mass fraction in a solution and is not affected by external temperature.
Solvent requirements
solubility
100g
solute mass fraction
no request
Temperature requirements
solubility
changes with temperature
solute mass fraction
Generally no requirement
solution saturation
solubility
Must reach saturation
solute mass fraction
Not necessarily saturated
Calculation formula
solubility
Solute mass: Solvent mass × 100g
solute mass fraction
Solute mass: Solution mass × 100%
connect
Mass fraction of solute in saturated solution = solubility: 100g solubility × 100%
Two ways to find the mass of the solution obtained after the reaction
1. Solution composition method: solution mass = solute mass solvent mass
2. Mass conservation method: solution mass = sum of reactants mass - generated gas mass - generated precipitate mass
How to calculate solution dilution
dilution method
The method of diluting the solution is to add solvent or add low concentration solution
Calculation basis
The mass of the solute in the solution remains unchanged before and after dilution
relational expression
1. Add water to dilute: A×a%=B×b% or A×a%=(A+m water)×b%, B=A+m water
2. Add low concentration solution: A×a%+B×b%=(A+B)×c% (c% represents the solute mass fraction of the solution obtained after mixing)
Solution concentration calculation
1. Concentration method: add solute; evaporate solvent (no crystals precipitate); add concentrated solution
Calculation formula
1.Ag×a%+Bg=(Ag+Bg)×b%
2.Ag×a%=(Ag-Bg)×b%
3.Ag×a%+Bg×b%=(Ag+Bg)×c%
Configure a solution with a certain solute mass fraction
Instruments: tray balance, medicine spoon, measuring cylinder, rubber dropper, beaker, glass rod
step
1. Calculation: Calculate the solute mass and solution mass according to the formula for calculating the solute mass fraction.
2.Weighing
3. Measure
4. Dissolve: Stir with glass rod
5. Bottle: Label to indicate the drug name and solute mass fraction
Error Analysis
Solute mass fraction is too small
1. Deflection of material and weight positions
2. Looking up at the reading, there is too much solvent.
3. The beaker is not dry and there is water inside
4. Solid medicines are not dry or contain impurities
5. Solid medicine falls outside the beaker when transferring
Solute mass fraction is too large
1. Incorrect use of the balance
2.The weights are rusty
3. Looking down at the reading, the water volume is too low.
4. Sprinkle water outside