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MindMap Gallery Modern Social Survey Methods 3 Survey Design

Modern Social Survey Methods 3 Survey Design

Chapter 3 Survey Design Reference textbook: Modern Social Survey Methods (Sixth Edition) Feng Xiaotian, survey design is to plan the content, methods, procedures, etc. of the entire survey research work based on the survey objectives.

Edited at 2024-01-16 17:58:42

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Modern Social Survey Methods 3 Survey Design

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Outline

Modern social survey methods 6 questionnaires
- 29
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Modern Social Survey Method 5 Measurement
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Modern Social Survey Method 4 Sampling
- 29
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survey design

meaning

It is to plan the content, methods, procedures, etc. of the entire investigation and research work based on the investigation objectives, including formulating strategies for exploring and answering investigation questions, determining the best way to investigate, selecting appropriate investigation methods, and formulating detailed operational steps. and implementation plans, etc.

main content

1 Clarify the purpose of the investigation

(1) Descriptive survey

Target

Discover and summarize the distribution of certain characteristics in a population

example

A survey on the current situation of middle school students’ exposure to and use of mass media in their extracurricular life

feature

Systematic and comprehensive

(2) Explanatory investigation

meaning

Refers to the type of social research that explores the reasons behind phenomena and reveals the inherent laws of the occurrence or change of phenomena.

example

Investigation into the causes of juvenile delinquency; investigation into the degree of modernization and people's willingness to have children.

feature

Pertinence and applicability

illustrate

(1) The above divisions are relative

(2) Each specific research tends to focus more on a certain purpose, and may also include other aspects of purpose.

2 Determine the unit of analysis (research object)

(1) Meaning

The unit of analysis is the object studied (described, analyzed) in a social survey; it can also be called the "research object".

example

Individuals; families; schools; companies; towns, etc.

(2) Type of analysis unit

1 person

Survey on college students’ career choice tendencies→Analysis unit: each college student

2. Group

Survey on family intergenerational relations → unit of analysis: family

3.Organization

Investigate "Social and Economic Benefits of Enterprises" →Analysis Unit: Enterprise

4. Community

Study the relationship between community size and community floating population, and survey of community service facilities

5.Social products

distinguish

Respondents

Who the researcher directly asks when collecting data

Research content (research topic)

attributes or characteristics of a unit of analysis

Notice

The unit of analysis and the survey object may be the same

Example 1: Survey on college graduates’ career choices

Example 2: Survey on household structure of residents in Kaifeng City

Example 3: Comparative study on the level of undergraduate teaching in Chinese universities

ecological fallacy (group fallacy, ecological fallacy, system error)

It refers to the phenomenon that in social surveys, researchers use a relatively large cluster analysis unit to conduct research, and use another smaller or non-cluster analysis unit to draw conclusions.

example 1

Statistics show that cities with a large migrant population have much higher crime rates than cities with a small migrant population.

Conclusion: The migrant population has a higher crime rate than the non-migrant population

The mistake is: it may be that cities with large migrant populations have high crime rates among non-migrants.

Example 2

Studies have found that the higher a country's average dietary fat intake, the higher the incidence of breast cancer in that country.

Conclusion: Fat intake is a factor in breast cancer

The mistake is: it may be that people who do not suffer from breast cancer eat a lot of fat (the country cannot represent individual data)

3Design a sampling plan

1. Survey objects, research objects and sampling objects

Research object (unit of analysis)

It is the object to be described and analyzed in a social survey. Research objects are often related to the questions that our investigations seek to explore and answer.

Respondents

The respondent is the person the researcher directly asks when collecting data. Survey subjects are often only relevant to the people we ask

Sampling objects

Also called sampling unit, it refers to the object or unit used in a direct sampling. Sampling objects are only related to the sample extraction process and the elements that make up the population.

2. Sampling design

4Design tools and methods for collecting data

1 Determination of basic variables and their operationalization

2Design questionnaire

3. How to collect design data

5 Develop an implementation plan

1Explain the purpose and significance of the survey topic

Example: Research design example: Study on Mongolian-Chinese intermarriage

Survey topic: Research on the intermarriage between Mongolian and Han farmers and herdsmen in Chifeng area

Purpose and significance: Through the analysis of various factors affecting Mongolian and Han intermarriage, explore the general pattern of ethnic intermarriage, and establish a theoretical model to explain the issue of ethnic intermarriage in China, which is of great significance to the theoretical construction of ethnology, demography and sociology. It has certain reference value; moreover, this research has certain practical significance for understanding the current ethnic relations and formulating ethnic policies.

2Investigation content

(1) The main characteristics of the household head. These characteristics include: the age of the household head, the educational level of the household head, occupation, household registration type, whether to immigrate, the ability to master the language of another ethnic group, the number of members of another ethnic group among neighbors, and the relationship with another ethnic group. Members’ friendship status, etc.;

(2) The degree of ethnic intermarriage in each characteristic group;

(3) The historical status and current situation of the village, township, and banner where the head of the household is located, as well as the historical changes in ethnic policies.

3. Scope of investigation, objects of investigation, unit of analysis

Survey scope: 3,201 households in 12 village committees in the rural pastoral area of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia

Survey target: Head of household

Unit of analysis: head of household and household, mainly head of household (note: one survey can have two units of analysis)

4Theoretical assumptions

Household heads with different characteristics have different degrees of ethnic intermarriage.

5 investigation plan

(1) Sampling plan

The study population is residents of the Chifeng area. Four typical banners (counties) are selected based on regional characteristics. Five representative counties are selected among these four banners (counties). Then, among these five counties, select 5 representative townships, and then select 2-3 villages in each of these 5 townships, and a total of 12 villages will be selected. There are a total of 3200 households in these 12 villages, and they will be randomly selected (3 out of every 4 households). ), 2439 households, one head of household was surveyed in each household, a total of 2439 people

(2) Data collection method

The questionnaire method is mainly used, combined with interview method and observation method.

(3) Data analysis methods

Statistical analysis, (including correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis), combined with theoretical analysis.

6. Composition, organizational structure and training arrangements of investigators

The research team has a total of 5 people, 3 of whom are investigators, led by 2 researchers, who demonstrate and are responsible for inspection and verification work.

7 Determine the time schedule and fund use plan of the investigation

Survey time plan

(1) Preparation stage:

From February to May, we reviewed literature, went to relevant government departments in Chifeng area to learn about the situation, went to the survey area for preliminary field inspections, and conducted a trial survey on the first draft of the questionnaire to revise the questionnaire.

(2) Investigation stage:

From June to August, 40-50 households were visited every day, and the project was completed in 60 days. In addition to conducting questionnaire surveys in 12 villages, it is also necessary to investigate the profiles of the other 41 villages in these five townships.

(3) Research stage:

September to November, data compilation, data processing, computer input, summary analysis, printing of statistical tables, calculation of correlation coefficients, etc.

(4) Summary and application stage:

From December to March of the next year, write a survey research report based on statistical analysis and theoretical analysis of the data.