Features: 1-Suggests an innate ability to acquire language (LAD) governed by shared universal principles (UG). 2- Some grammatical structures are universal across languages. Students can take advantage of their L1 to aquire L2 structures more easily. 3- Language acquisition is most effective during a specific period (often early childhood) 4- Students are able to process unstructured language input and naturally understand rules without formal teaching

Impact on EFL speakers/students: 1-Students' biological brains are able to internalize and recognize structural rules of a Language even if it is an L2 Language. 2- The focus is on using language in context not on memorizing grammar rules. This leads to a more natural and fluid communication. 3-Self esteem and Metacognition is enhanced: The teacher fcouses on providing exposure to the language rather than overcorrecting mistakes, this allows learners to self-correction 4-Each individual larning pace is taken into account. This lessens student's frustration and enhances motivation.

Features: 1-Meaningful Social Interaction is essential for activating language learning. 2- The concept of ZPD by Vigotsky highlights the gap of what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve through guidance. This model shows how interaction supports both cognitive development and language aquisition. 3- Context is important: focusing on verbal and non-verbal cues. Example: "motherese" (Language Adaptation of caregivers)

Impact on EFL Students: 1-Authentic conversations, Active Communication, Vocabulary Expansion. 2-Interaction encourages students to try new structures (Roleplays, ordering food at a restaurant etc..)3-Group work activate language ans social engagement. 3-students learn more efectively when learning is tied to meaningful, real-world contexts.

Features: Language learning is transmitted through repetiton excercises focusing on Stimulus-Response mechanism. The target is: Habit Formation. Example: The Audiolingual Approach)

Impact on EFL Students: 1-Repetition and drills help students internalize basic language structure and vocabulary. 2- Audiolingual drills help students to develope accurate pronunciation (mimic native-like speech), 3-Through tightly structured lessons beginners benefit from a step by step progression. 4-Frequent practice and rote memorization help student build a solid foundation in grammar and vocabulary

Feautures: Language acquisition is a cognitive process involving memory, perception and problem solving skills

Impact on EFL students: 1-Students' critical thinking is enhanced. The student focuses more on understanding rather than on memorization. 2-The student doesn't feel overwhelmed since a process of Scaffolding takes place. 3-Atonomous learning is encouraged: students are taught how to learn, empowering them to continue aquiring language independently.4- Problem solving is enhanced which improves their analytical skills. 5- Different cognitive abilities are taken into account (multiple intelligences) This allow a porsonalized instruction 6- Since cognitive abilities are fostered students can handle abstract or advanced language tasks.

Features: 1-Aquisition of Language is subconscious while learning is explicit. The language input should be slightly above the learner's level and should be comprehensible. 2-Monitor' Role: The Monitor uses the 'learned system' to correct the output from the 'acquired system' 3-(Input-Hypothesis). 4-Natural Order Hypothesis: Language aquisition follows a predictable sequence of grammatical structures.5- Affective Filter Hypothesis: Emotions such as, motivation, anxiety and self-confidence influence language acquisition.

Inpact on EFl Students: Provides oportunities for meaningful, real-world interactions, Students learn through contextualized materials (Stories, videos etc), Reduces anxiety with games, group activities and positive feedback. Students learn grammar as a tool to refine their language, not as the main focus.

Features: 1-Learner's environment influence language learning. Example: social, cultural and psychological aspects. 2-Immersive environments and culturally responsible teaching are essential for L2 or FL development.

Impact on EFl students: 1-Immersive Environments accelerate acquisition. 2-Regulated emotions help students engage with learning.3- Engaging with the target culture fosters meaningful communication.