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MindMap Gallery Chapter 1 Outline of the Materiality and Development Laws of the World

Chapter 1 Outline of the Materiality and Development Laws of the World

The outline of Ma Zhe's first chapter summarizes and organizes the knowledge points, covering all core contents, which is very convenient for everyone to learn. Suitable for exam review and preview to improve learning efficiency. Hurry up and collect it to learn together!

Edited at 2024-10-28 11:10:46

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Chapter 1 Outline of the Materiality and Development Laws of the World

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Outline

Marxist Philosophy
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Ma Zhe (Materialism, Dialectics, Epistemology)
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Introduction to Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right
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Chapter 1 The Materiality and Development Laws of the World

Section 1 World Diversity and Material Unity

1. Matter and its mode of existence

introduction

Two major phenomena

material phenomena

mental phenomena

human activities

Understand the world

Transform the world

basic philosophical questions

existence/thinking

matter/consciousness

primaryness

materialism

idealism

Identity

knowability

agnosticism

(1) The material category of philosophy

ancient simple materialism

modern metaphysical materialism

dialectical materialism

materialist monism

Reflectionism/knowability vs. agnosticism

materialism/dialectics

Materialist view of nature/Materialist view of history

(2) The way matter exists

sports Fundamental attributes

Movement is absolute

Stillness is relative

Basic form of existence: time/space

2. Dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness

(1) Material determines consciousness

concept of consciousness

three stages

low stimulus sensitivity

higher sensory psychology

human consciousness

decisive role

social practice, labor

(2) Consciousness has a counter-effect on matter

purposeful planning

creativity

Guide practice to transform the objective world

Regulate human behavior and physiological activities

(3) Dialectical unity of subjective initiative and objective laws

Respecting objectivity is a prerequisite

Only by giving full play to subjectivity can we correctly understand objectivity...

Premise 1: Start from reality

Premise 2. Fundamental approach: practice

Premise 3. Relying on certain material conditions and means

(4) Consciousness and artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence cannot replace humans

1. Human consciousness is the unity of knowing and knowing

2. Sociality

3. Linguistic thinking

3. The material unity of the world

Nature is material

Human society is also material in nature

Human consciousness is unified with matter

Section 2. Universal connections, changes and development of things

1. Universality of connection and development

(1) Universal connection of things

Contact is objective

The connection is universal

Contact is diverse

Contact is conditional

(2) Changes and development of things

Universal connection, change and development

Essence: the emergence of new things and the demise of old things

New things are invincible

Adapt to changing environments and conditions

Deny the negative decay of old things and retain reasonable factors that adapt to new conditions

Fundamentally conform to the interests and requirements of the people

2. The law of unity of opposites is the fundamental law of the development of things essence, core

(1) The identity and struggle of contradictions and their role in the development of things

Opposition/struggle

contradictory opposites mutually exclusive, mutually separated nature, tendency

unity/identity

Contradictions and opposites are interdependent and are prerequisites for each other's existence.

The opposites of contradictions penetrate each other and transform into each other under certain conditions.

effect

Identity

Identity is the prerequisite

Absorb favorable factors from each other and achieve development through interaction

Specify the possibility of transformation and development trend of things

Fighting

Promote change and create conditions for qualitative change

The decisive force in the transition from one contradictory unity to another

Special form: harmony

(2) The universality and particularity of contradictions and their interrelationships

Main contradiction, dominant position/secondary contradiction/subordinate position

Two point theory/key point theory

universality/particularity

3. The law of quantitative change and qualitative change and the law of negation of negation

(1) The law of quantitative change and qualitative change

prescriptiveness of things

quality

quantity

Spend

dialectical relationship

Quantitative changes are necessary preparations

Qualitative change is the inevitable result

The two penetrate each other interdependence, interpenetration gradual, leap

methodology

accumulation

seize the opportunity

(2) The law of negation of negation

Positive factors/negative factors

Law connotation

three stages

Affirmation-Negation-Negation of Negation

Development trend

To advance in waves or spiral, or even to pause or regress

methodology

Refuse to affirm/deny everything, see both twists and turns and light

4. Basic links of contact and development

(1) Content and form

(2) Essence and phenomenon

(3) Causes and results

(4) Inevitability and chance

(5) Reality and possibility

Section 3: Materialist dialectics is the fundamental method to understand and transform the world

1. The essential characteristics and cognitive functions of materialist dialectics

(1) Materialist dialectics is critical and revolutionary in nature

Emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, advance with the times, reform and open up, and self-revolution

(2) Materialist dialectics is the unity of objective dialectics and subjective dialectics

objective dialectics

subjective dialectics

(3) Materialist dialectics is a scientific method of understanding

Universal law: universal connection, eternal development

law of unity of opposites

subject/object

Emotional/rational

concrete/abstract

individual/general

The law of quantitative change and qualitative change

Understand and grasp the stages of change and development of things and the transformation of different development states

law of negation

Self-denial in the process of discovery, cyclically moving towards higher forms of existence

Methodology: Contradiction Analysis core, fundamental method

Analyze the particularity of contradictions

specific situation, specific analysis

Strengthen problem awareness

2. Dialectical thinking and modern scientific thinking

(1) Dialectical thinking method

induction and deduction

Analysis and synthesis

abstract and concrete

logic and history

(2) Modern scientific thinking methods

Control method

information method

Systematic approach

model approach

idealized approach

3. Learn materialist dialectics and continuously enhance thinking ability

(1) Dialectical thinking ability

objectively rather than subjectively

in connection rather than in isolation

developing rather than static

comprehensively rather than one-sidedly

Systematically rather than piecemeal

(2) Historical thinking ability

Use a historical perspective to understand the laws of development, grasp the direction of progress, and guide practical work capabilities

(3) Systematic thinking ability

from individual parts to the whole

Two big situations

The strategic overall situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

The world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century

(4) Strategic thinking ability

integrity

Globality

long term

Overall development trends and directions

(5) Bottom-line thinking ability

Spend

critical point

(6) Innovative thinking ability