A memory whose content is the image of a specific thing that has been perceived. Image memory can be visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile.

For example, the memory about the image of the "Great Wall", the memory of "the sofa is very soft", the music listened to, the taste tasted, etc.

Memories based on personally experienced events or situations that occurred at a certain time and place.

For example, the scene after the college entrance examination

Memory with various organized knowledge as content

For example, memory of formulas and theorems in mathematics and physics

Memories based on certain emotions and emotions that an individual has experienced

For example, "Once bitten by a snake, you will be afraid of well ropes for ten years."

Memory based on actions or action images that an individual has performed in the past

For example, memory of gymnastics, dance, and basketball moves

Also known as sensory memory or sensory registration, it refers to the memory that can only be retained in the human brain for a moment after the objective stimulus stops.

Coding method: image coding, audio and video coding

Features: Time is 0.25~4 seconds, large capacity

It refers to the memory in which the memorized information is stored in the mind and the retention time is generally no more than one minute. For example, take notes during lectures.

Coding method: visual, auditory coding

Features: 7±2 blocks, limited capacity

Information is stored in memory for longer than a minute, up to days, weeks, and years.

Coding method: representational coding, semantic coding

Features: Memory storage time of more than one minute

Tulving divided long-term memory into episodic memory and semantic memory.

By revealing the inner connection of knowledge, connecting new knowledge with existing knowledge, grasping the meaning of the material and retaining the knowledge permanently.

For example, understanding ancient poetry by reading stories

It refers to memorizing in a simple and repetitive way based only on the external connections or expressions of the material.

For example, reciting ancient poems repeatedly

Memory displayed when an individual needs to consciously or actively collect certain experiences to complete the current task

For example, writing homework

A memory in which an individual's experience automatically affects the current task without the need for consciousness or intentional recall.

For example, subtly

It refers to the memory of relevant things and factual information, that is, what is it? Why?

For example, names of people, places

It refers to a person's memory of skills or experiences gradually acquired through practice, that is, how to do it?

For example, how to ride a bike, how to swim

According to the purpose and effort level of the memorization process, memorization can be divided into

The purpose of memorization: Whether the purpose of memorization is clear directly affects the effect of memorization. This is an important condition that affects the effect of memorization.

Depth of information processing: The deeper the information is processed, the better its retention effect will be.

Nature and quantity of memorization materials: Generally speaking, to achieve the same level of memorization, as the number of memorization materials increases, the effect of memorization becomes worse. At the same time, intuitive, vivid, and figurative materials are easier to remember than abstract language materials.

Emotional state when memorizing: Emotions can affect memory. For example, when meeting a friend we haven't seen for many years, the things we can recall are often those in which we had strong emotional experiences.

Whether the memorization materials have meaning and value: Research shows that the input of information has a priority. First, information that affects survival enters the working memory and is processed, such as the smell of burning, dangers that affect personal safety; second, information that can produce emotions; and finally, newly learned information.

Purposeful memorization: The clearer the purpose and the more ambitious the goal, the better the memorization effect will be.

Understand first and then memorize: Only by understanding knowledge can we remember it firmly and apply it flexibly.

Combining overall memorization and step-by-step memorization: adopting corresponding memorization methods according to the amount of memorization

According to the Chunking Law, increase the amount of information: The Chunking Law means that the capacity of recording information increases with the increase of the chunking capacity.

Combining memorization and operation: Participate in practical operations, use your own hands, mouth and brain to analyze and solve practical problems by yourself

stay in good mood

Qualitative changes in memory content

Quantitative changes in memory content