MindMap Gallery Plant cells and tissues
The general biology plant part shows the basic structure and function of plant cells. This brain map helps you to familiarize yourself with the key points of knowledge and strengthen memory. Students in need can bookmark it.
Edited at 2025-01-06 17:43:55Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Plant cells and tissues
The basic structure of plant cells
10-100 micrometers
Basic structure
Cell wall
Mechanical support, growth regulation, substance transport, cell recognition, cell differentiation, defense
Chemical composition
Polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) protein
Lipid compounds (keratin, thrombin, wax): prevents moisture evaporation, mechanical damage, and fights infection
Phenol compounds such as lignin: Increase mechanical strength
Minerals (calcium oxalate, etc.): Increase hardness
Cell wall hierarchy
Intercellular layer: Pectin makes cells stick to each other
Newborn wall
Protoplast secretion formation
plasticity
One quarter cellulose, hemicellulose, fructose (at least arranged in three layers)
The cells that secrete vigorously and perform photosynthesis are the only primary walls
Secondary wall
Cells stop growing, and the cell wall layer continues to accumulate on the inner side of the primary wall
Specializes cells and has different functions
No scalability
One-half cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose
Tissue hole
Hole marks: The interrupted area on the secondary wall, there can be a
Primary hole field: Intercellular threads pass through the primary wall
Edge-patterned holes, single-patterned holes
Hole-tip pair
Intercellular filaments: The formation of a communome between plant cells and communication, with intercellular ducts (intercellular microtubules) in the middle
Pseudobody
Unique to plant cells, carbohydrate synthesis and storage
Chloroplast
Non-Colors: chloroplasts and proplasia can be transformed into carotene, in ripe red and yellow fruits, petals, leaves
White body: accumulate starch, protein, fat, and plant stores in somatic cells
Making phlegm (starch)
Liquid bubbles
Sugar, organic acid, protein, fatty acid, phospholipid, calcium oxalate, plant alkaloids, tannins, pigmented glycosides
Most of the proteins of the seeds are in the vacuole
Regulate water potential, store, defend against harmful substances, resist cold and drought
Plant tissue and tissue system
Meristem
Plant growth sites: apical (elongated stems, lateral branches and buds), lateral growth (vascular timber formation layer), intervening (intermediate growth of jointing and heading, between mature tissues)
Proto-merist: the tip of the rhizome growth cone, the original cells retained by the blastocytes, small in size, large in nucleus, and lasting division
Newborn meristem: initial differentiation, strong division, and differentiation at the same time, which can be regarded as transitions
Secondary meristem: mature parenchymal cells located on the side, thickening and re-forming the rhizomes
Mature organization
Protect tissue: epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes, absorb and secrete gas exchange, regulate water evaporation
Parenchymal tissue: ventilated tissue (specialized)
Mechanical tissue
Thick angular tissue: uneven primary wall thickening, young stems, petioles, leaves and veins, and organs can be upright and extended
Thick wall tissue: uniform primary wall thickening, lignified dead cells, seed-carved peel, fiber and lithologic cells
Hygiene organization
Induction organization
xylem catheter duct duct: water inorganic salts, duct cellular transport is dead cells through the pores.
Phosphate sieve tube with cell sieve cells: organic matter, at most one sieve tube with intercellular wire, sieve plate sieve hole connection cable
Secretory tissue
Exocrine: plant appearance, nectar, gland hair, salt gland
Endocrinology: Dandelion Milk
Tissue system: skin system (peripheral pericutaneous), vascular system (phloem xylem), basic system (thin wall thick corner thick wall)