MindMap Gallery Hardware Design-Power
This is a mind map about hardware design-power supply, the main contents include: (3) power supply design skills, (2) power supply design difficulties, and (1) clarify power supply requirements.
Edited at 2025-03-01 16:46:25Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Hardware Design-Power
(1) Clarify power requirements
Input/output parameters: Determine the input voltage range (such as AC 100-240V or DC 12-48V), output voltage/current accuracy (such as ±1%), ripple requirements (such as <50mVpp).
Load characteristics: distinguish load types (capacitive, inductive, dynamic load) and transient frequency (such as CPU burst power consumption).
Environmental factors: working temperature range (industrial grade -40℃~85℃), humidity, vibration, etc., high-temperature resistant capacitors or potting processes are required.
(2) Difficulties in power supply design
(I) Electromagnetic interference (EMI) Problem
Conductive interference: Add input π filter (X capacitor, Y capacitor, common mode inductor), Such as TDK's ACM series. Switch tube plus buffer circuit (RCD absorption).
Radiation interference: The key high-frequency paths (such as SW nodes) are clad in copper to shorten the loop area. Use spreading technology (such as ADI's Silent Switcher).
(II) Power supply efficiency Balancing with heat dissipation
Loss analysis: conduction loss (MOSFET Rds_on), switching loss (positively correlated with frequency), inductor iron loss.
Heat dissipation design: calculate the thermal resistance (such as RθJA=50℃/W in TO-220 package), and add a heat sink or fan if necessary. SiC or GaN devices (such as Cree's C3M series) are preferred for high-temperature scenarios.
(III) Load transient response
Loop compensation design: Adjust the Type II/III compensation network through the Bode graph, and the phase margin must be >45°.
Dynamic response enhancement: Increase output capacitance (low ESR solid state capacitance), Or use voltage feedforward technology (such as TI's D-CAP3 architecture).
(3) Power supply design skills
(I) Adopt multi-layer PCB design
Cascade planning: Typical structure of 4-layer boards: Top (signal)—GND—Power—Bottom (signal).
Through Optimization: Power path through hole arrays (such as 4 vias in parallel) reduce current density.
The critical power layer uses thick copper (such as 2oz) to reduce impedance.
(II) Use soft start circuit
Implementation method: Control the pin slope through the RC circuit (such as the SS pin of the TPS5430 is connected to the 10nF capacitor).
Digital power supply can be configured with PMBus (such as LTC3889).
Avoid shock current: Limit the capacitor charging current during power-on, preventing fuse blown or MOSFET damage.
(III) Optimize feedback circuit
Immunity design: The feedback trace is away from the inductor and transformer, and uses differential traces or shielding layers.
Add RC low-pass filtering (such as 1kΩ 100pF) to suppress high-frequency noise.
Accuracy improvement: Use high-precision reference sources (such as REF5025, ±0.05% accuracy) The feedback resistor is 0.1% temperature drift type.