Evenly accelerated movement

Uniform speed reduction movement

a is not equal to 0 and is constant and unchanged

application

formula

Basic physical quantity

The proportional formula with the initial velocity of 0

a=0

Constant linear motion in horizontal direction

Free fall movement in vertical direction

The initial velocity is thrown in the horizontal direction

Two inferences

The object is thrown up or down at the initial speed

Horizontal direction: uniform movement Vertical direction: uniform speed movement

V. x=V. cosθ V. Y=V. sinθ x=V. xt=(V.cosθ)t Vx=V. x=V. cosθ

Basic physical quantity

Critical motion

Three types of conveying devices

a=g V. =0

V=gt

X=½gt²

condition

Synthesis and decomposition

Small river ferry

Related speed

G=mg

F bullet = k△x (Hooker's Law)

F-motor = μmg

Inertia: only related to mass

F-combination=ma

Balance

Interaction force

F=Gm₁m₂/r²

Gravity constant G=6.67×10-11

Consider rotation

The first law (orbital law)

The second law (the law of area)

The third law (period law)

M

ρ

For celestial bodies moving around the same center Suitable for circular orbits

Linear speed √GM/r

Angular velocity ω=√GM/r³

Period T=2π√r³/GM

Centripetal acceleration a=GM/r²

The rotation period is the same as the geostatic

The orbital plane must coincide with the equatorial plane

Consistent with the direction of the earth's rotation

The same angular velocity as the earth's rotation

Linear speed is certain (3100m/s)

The center of the orbit will return to the center of the earth

Polar satellite

Near-Earth satellite

The first cosmic speed (6400km)

Second Universe Speed ​​(the minimum ground launch speed that breaks away from gravity)

The third cosmic speed (the minimum ground emission speed that breaks free from the bondage of the sun's gravity)

Time delay effect (clock slows down)

Length shrinkage effect (movement ruler shortens)

W=Pt

P=Fv

E=½mv²

E=½mv₁²-½mv. ²

½mv₁² ½mv₂²=½mv₁’² ½mv₂’²

p=mv

mv₁ mv₂=mv₁’ mv₂’

Elastic collision

Inelastic collision

Completely inelastic collision

Diffusion (molecule)

Brownian motion (particles (molecular clusters))

Thermal Movement (Molecule)

All become more intense as the temperature rises

Gas, liquids, and solids all have voids. The gravitational and repulsive force increase with the decrease of the distance between molecules, but the repulsive force changes rapidly, and the distance between molecules is not a monotonic relationship.

The probability of gas molecules moving in all aspects is equal at each moment

The temperature increases, the average rate of molecular movement increases, the number of molecules with a large rate increases, and the number of molecules with a small rate decreases

The greater the temperature, the peak will move to the right, but the boundary area is 1

Determinants (micro)

Because molecular thermal movement never stops, molecular kinetic energy never reaches zero

The average kinetic energy of molecules increases

Molecular total kinetic energy

r＞r.

r＜r.

r=r.

Infinite distance, the molecular potential energy is 0

Related to volume (proportional)

The sum of the thermal motion of molecules in an object and the potential energy of a molecule is called the internal energy of an object.

factor

The mechanical energy of an object in mechanical movement does not contribute to the internal energy of an object.

All objects have internal energy

n=sinθ₁/sinθ₂

n=c/v

The incident angle is greater than the refractive angle

sinθ=1/n

application