The orbits with the same energy in the central ion are subject to varying degrees of repulsion by the negative electric field of the surrounding ligand, and energy splits occur. Some orbital energy increases, while others decreases.
Due to the energy level splitting of the orbit, the electrons in the orbit need to be redistributed, reducing the energy of the system, which brings additional stabilization energy to the complex.
Schizoelectric energy: after orbital splitting, the highest and lowest difference, octahedral field, tetrahedral field, and the sphere field energy level does not split.
Central idea: electrostatic theory, there is only the mutual attraction and repulsion between central ions and ligands.
Application: Determines the spin state of the complex, the spatial structure of the combination ions, and explains the color of the complex.