MindMap Gallery Comparison of the main theories of children's psychological development
It includes four major schools: biological orientation theory, environmental orientation theory, social ecological orientation theory and cognitive orientation theory. It introduces the representative figures, core views, preschool education inspiration, theoretical limitations, and classic experiments or cases of each school.
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Comparison of the main theories of children's psychological development
Biooriented theory
Representative: Gersel
Core viewpoint: maturity, natural maturity, order
Preschool education enlightenment: - Respect the natural laws of children's development and do not blindly conduct education and training in advance - Provide children with activities and environments that are appropriate to their maturity levels
Theoretical limitations: overemphasizing the role of biological maturity and relatively neglecting the impact of environment and education on children's development
Classic experiment/case: twin ladder climbing experiment, identical twins, one trains ladder climbing in advance, and the other trains according to the natural maturity rhythm. As a result, the child who has a mature time can quickly catch up with or even exceed the advanced training.
Rematuration of biooriented
Environmental orientation theory
Representative: Watson
Core viewpoint: environmental determination, stimulation - reaction, external plastic
Preschool education enlightenment: - Pay attention to the creation of the environment and provide children with a rich and positive stimulating environment - Shape children's good behavioral habits through purposeful environmental arrangements and educational activities
Theoretical limitations: Totally deny the child's own subjective initiative and the role of genetic factors is too extreme
Classic experiment/case: Little Albert experiment, through stimulation pairing, Little Albert is afraid of the jealous mouse that was not afraid of
Environmental orientation and external moulding
Social ecological orientation theory
Representative: Bronfenbrenner
Core view: ecosystem, multi-layer environment, interactive impact
Preschool education enlightenment: - Focus on the entire ecosystem in which children develop, including the interactions between families, kindergartens, communities, etc. - Strengthen the connection and cooperation between different environments to create a harmonious and supportive development environment for children
Theoretical limitations: The theoretical system is relatively grand. In practical operation and research, it is difficult to accurately grasp and measure the complex interactions between various systems.
Classic experiment/case: No specific classic experiment, more of a theory is constructed through observation and analysis of children in different social and ecological environments.
Social ecological orientation focuses on multi-layer environmental interaction influence
Cognitive orientation theory
Representative: Piaget
Core viewpoint: cognitive structure, assimilation adaptation, stage development
Preschool education enlightenment: - Provide learning materials and activities that meet the stage of children's cognitive development to promote active exploration of children - Encourage children to develop cognitive structures through assimilation and compliance in their interactions with the environment
Theoretical limitations: The classification of the stages of children's cognitive development may be too absolute, and to a certain extent underestimate the speed of children's cognitive ability development
Classic experiment/case: conservation experiment, such as liquid conservation, children have different judgments on whether the liquid volume is conserved at different stages
Cognitive orientation focuses on active cognitive construction