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MindMap Gallery Common sense of Chinese literature
- 110
Common sense of Chinese literature
The general knowledge of college Chinese literature covers a very wide range, including pre-Qin literature, Qin and Han literature, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties literature, Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties literature, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing literature, etc.
Edited at 2024-02-14 17:34:29
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Common sense of Chinese literature
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Common sense of Chinese literature
Chinese Wen Chang
Pre-Qin Literature
Prose by various scholars
Confucianism
Confucius's "The Analects" (quotation style)
Mencius "Mencius"
Xunzi "Xunzi"
Mohist
Mozi "Mozi"
Taoist
Laozi's "Tao Te Ching"
Legalism
Han Fei's "Han Feizi"
Li Si's "Book of Remonstrance and Expulsion" (burning books and entrapping Confucian scholars, small seal script)
miscellaneous family
Lu Buwei's "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals"
historical essays
Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals (Chronicles)
my country's first chronological history book (the first privately written chronological history book)
"Chun Qiu Nei Zhuan" records, "Chun Qiu Wai Zhuan" records
Zuo Qiuming's "Zuo Zhuan" (also known as "Chun Qiu Nei Zhuan")
my country's first chronological history book with detailed records
Zuo Qiuming's "Guoyu" (also known as "Spring and Autumn Period")
my country's first national style history book
Liu Xiang's "Warring States Policy" (also known as "National Policy")
National style history book
Confucianism
Confucius (the teacher of all ages)
Mingqiu, courtesy name Zhongni, a native of the late Spring and Autumn Period, the founder of Confucianism
The core ideas are "benevolence" and "propriety"
Honored as a saint, "the most holy", he pioneered private education and advocated "teaching without distinction" and "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude"
The Analects of Confucius has a total of 20 chapters and 492 chapters, written by Confucius and his disciples
Text "The Ji family will attack Zhuan Yu"
Refutation of thesis (dialogue format)<br>
deductive argument
Zhuan Yu, in the past, the late king thought that he was the lord of Eastern Mongolia.
And it’s within the realm of the country
He is a minister of the country
Chen Li will do it, and those who can't will stop.
argument by analogy
Don't hold on to danger, don't support when you are in danger
The tiger comes out of the coffin, the turtle and jade are destroyed in the coffin
Idiom: Once it comes, let it be at peace; fall apart; misfortune brings about a weak wall; a tiger comes out of a tree; the worries of Ji and Sun
Mencius
Ming Ke, courtesy name Ziyu, was born in the middle of the Warring States Period and was the inheritor of Confucius' thoughts.
The core ideas are benevolent government, royal way, people-oriented thinking, and nature is inherently good.
Honored as "Yasheng", he is the author of "Mencius"
The first thinker who proposed that "the people are more important than the monarch"
Text "What a few people do to the country"
The central argument (which best embodies the main idea of the article): When the king is innocent, the people of the world will be here.
Focusing on "the people will not increase in number" and how to use it
Xunzi
Kuang, also named Qing, was born in the late Warring States period. He is a master of Confucianism. The core ideas are etiquette and law.
Author of "Xunzi" (monograph)
Mohist
Mozi
Ming Zhai, a native of the late Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, was the founder of the Mohist school, which was opposed to Confucianism. The two middle schools were collectively known as "Xianxue"
Author of "Mozi", whose core ideas are "universal love" and "non-aggression"
Taoist
Lao Tzu
His surname is Li, his name is Er, and his courtesy name is Dan, also known as Lao Dan. He was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period.
The founder of Taoism, Laozi’s thoughts contain simple dialectics
Political views are "natural inaction" and "teaching without saying anything" (political orientation)
He believes that human nature is "quiet, quiet and weak", and is the author of "Tao Te Ching" (81 articles)
Zhuangzi
Named Zhou, courtesy name Zixiu, a native of the mid-Warring States Period, heir to Laozi's thoughts
Zhuangzi was named "The True Man of Nanhua" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty
The core idea is "Xiaoyaoyou" (spirit). He is the author of "Zhuangzi"
"Zhuangzi" is the most romantic prose work in pre-Qin prose.
(also known as "The South China Sutra") is the most romantic and contains many fables.
Text "Autumn Water"
The entire text is explained in the form of fables
Idiom: Looking at the ocean and sighing, making people laugh generously
Zhuangzi believes that in the infinite universe, personal knowledge and role are limited.
Representative of the Taoist school who proposed the idea of "Equality of Things"
Legalism
Han Fei
A man from the late Warring States period, a master of Legalist thought
He studied under Xunzi (Xing Mingfa) and wrote "Han Feizi" with the most fables.
The core idea is the rule of law (absolute monarchy)
Li Si
From the end of the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, he became a disciple of Xunzi (The Art of the Emperor)
Burning books and entrapping Confucians, unifying literature, and authoring "Book of Remonstrance and Expulsion of Guests"
miscellaneous family
Lu Buwei
People at the end of the Warring States Period
Author of "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals"
Liu An
King Huainan, a native of the Western Han Dynasty
Author of "Huainanzi"
Four Books and Five Classics
four books
"The Analects"
"Mencius"
"The University" (Zengzi)
"The Doctrine of the Mean" (Zisi)
Five Classics
Book of Songs
"Shang Shu"
my country's first collection of classical prose
The oldest known history book in my country
"Book of Rites"
"Book of Changes"
"Spring and Autumn"
poetry
The Book of Songs, realism
Collective creation, also known as Three Hundred Poems, is my country's first collection of poetry
The Six Meanings of the Book of Songs
Poetry form (theme classification)
wind
Fifteen National Styles (Sounds of Customs)
A total of 160 articles on national style
Most of them are folk songs, and a few are works of nobles.
elegant
Daya
31 articles, mostly for court banquets
Xiaoya
74 articles, mostly personal lyrical works
Ode
31 Songs of Zhou
4 Lu Songs
5 Shang odes
expression techniques
endow
narrative, lyrical
Compare
analogy (metaphor)
prosper
Use (support) something to set off (pave the way), preface other things to trigger the words to be chanted
Example: Guan Guan Ju Jiu, in the river island (another object); a graceful lady, a gentleman is fond of Qiu (the words of the chant are about seeing the Ju Jiu dove, expressing feelings, and wanting to fall in love)
"Chu Ci", the origin of romanticism, China
Qu Yuan
Ming Ping, courtesy name Yuan, honored as "the ancestor of Chinese poetry" and "the ancestor of Ci Fu"
China's first great patriotic poet
Opening up the tradition of "Vanilla Beauty", poetry enters the era of personal originality
25 works retained
"The Fisherman"
"Li Sao"
my country's longest lyric poem
"Nine Chapters" 9 articles
"Ode to Orange"
The first poem about things in the history of Chinese poetry (creating a precedent for poems about things)
"Xiyong"
"Forging the River"
"Sorrow"
"Thinking"
"Huaisha"
"Thinking of Beauty"
"Cherish the Past"
"The Return of Sadness"
11 chapters of "Nine Songs" (adapted or processed by Qu Yuan based on the folk songs of worshiping gods in Chu region)
worship gods
"Donghuang Taiyi" (The Noble One of the Gods)
"The Lord in the Clouds" (Yunshen)
"The King of Xiang" and "Mrs. Xiang" (God of Xiang River)
"Da Si Ming" (God of longevity)
"Shao Siming" (the god of the master's descendants)
"Dong Jun" (Sun God)
"He Bo" (River God)
"Mountain Ghost" (Mountain God)
"Soul Ritual" (Ode to the Soul)
sacrifice people
"War"
"Heavenly Questions" (Qu Yuan's work before his exile)
"Divination", which raises more than 170 questions, is known as "the most amazing work through the ages"
"Travel"
"Chu Ci", compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty, a collection of poems, mainly works by Qu Yuan
A total of seventeen articles included
There are a total of sixteen poems and poems by Qu Yuan and Song Yu from the Chu people of the Warring States Period, as well as Xiao Shan, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang and others from Huainan in the Han Dynasty.
"Nine Thoughts" by Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Warring States Period
The Fourth Prince of the Warring States Period
Lord Mengchang of Qi State, Tian Wen
Prince Pingyuan of the State of Zhao, Zhao Sheng
Lord Xinling of Wei State, Wei Wuji
Chun Shenjun of Chu State, Huang Xie
Literature of the Han Dynasty
Han Fu
Sao style fu
Following the format of "Li Sao"
Jia Yi's "Ode in Tribute to Qu Yuan"
San Tai Fu
Adopt the form of subject and guest question and answer
Mei Cheng's "Seven Hairs"
lyrical poem
For the purpose of expressing emotions
Zhang Heng's "Guitian Fu"
Four Masters of Han Fu
Sima Xiangru (Western Han Dynasty)
Yang Xiong (Western Han Dynasty)
Ban Gu (Eastern Han Dynasty)
Zhang Heng (Eastern Han Dynasty)
History books - official history
"Historical Records" by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty
The first biographical general history of China
A history book created to "study the relationship between heaven and man, understand the changes in ancient and modern times, and formulate a family's opinion"
"Book of Han" by Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (continued by Ban Zhao and Ma)
China's first biographical chronological history
poetry
Han Yuefu (collective creation)
Feelings of sorrow and joy arise from events” (Realism)
Old Yuefu titles
Cao Cao
Use ancient Yuefu inscriptions to write about current events
New title of Yuefu
Du Fu
Famous articles on the matter, never to be relied upon again
New Yuefu Poems
Bai Juyi
Yuefu poems are basically included in the poetry album "Yuefu Poems" compiled by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty.
It advocates that "articles are written together to suit the time, and songs and poems are written together to suit the situation."
"Nineteen Ancient Poems"
Selected Five-Character Poems by Ancient Chinese Literati
Called "the silent crown" by Liu Xie
prose
Political essays-Jia Yi, Chao Cuo
Wei and Jin Dynasties
poetry
Jian'an Literature
San Cao
Cao Cao (also known as Mengde, Emperor Wu of Wei)
Lu Xun is called the founder of reformed articles
Cao Pi (Emperor Wen of Wei)
Composed the first seven-character poem "Yan Ge Xing"
The earliest literary theory criticism monograph "Dian Lun"
Cao Zhi (also known as Zijian, also known as Chen Siwang)
Signs of maturity in literati’s five-character poetry
Seven Sons of Jian'an
Kong Rong
Chen Lin
Wang Can
Xu Qian
Ruan Yu
Ying Jun
Liu Zhen
poetry genre
Pastoral Poetry School (Tao Yuanming)
Expansion: Served as county magistrate, seventh grade (evaluation: higher than Su Xun’s previous position as library clerk)
Landscape Poetry School (Xie Lingyun)
Yuefu folk songs
Northern Dynasties Yuefu
Mainly war
"Mulan Poetry" and "Peacock Flying Southeast" (Han Dynasty Yuefu Poetry)
Southern Dynasties Yuefu
Mainly love
"Xizhou Song" The Southern Dynasties had the highest achievements
Yuefu poems are basically included in the poetry album "Yuefu Poems" compiled by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty.
article
Novels (classical Chinese novels)
Strange novels
Qian Bao's "Sou Shen Ji"
Novel by Zhiren
Southern Dynasties, Liu Yiqing's "Shishuoxinyu"
Uncover the origin of ancient Chinese notebook novels
Notebook novels: a form of Chinese classical novels, between essays and novels, based on anecdotes and folk tales, and are smaller in length.
literary criticism
Cao Pi's "Classical Essays"
Lu Ji's "Wen Fu"
Liu Xie's "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons"
It marks the establishment of a complete system of ancient Chinese literary theory and literary criticism.
Xiao Tong's "Selected Works"
Zhong Rong's "Poetry"
Xu Ling's "New Ode to the Jade Terrace"
parallel prose
Also known as parallel prose and four-liu prose
Yu Xin is the master of literature in the Southern and Northern Dynasties
Tang Dynasty Literature
Three Wonders of the Tang Dynasty
Pei Min sword dance
Li Bai's poetry
Zhang Xu cursive script
Tang poetry
Early Tang Dynasty
Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty
Yang Jiong
Wang Bo
Lu Zhaolin
King Luo Bin
Four Scholars of Wuzhong
He Zhizhang
Zhang Xu
Zhang Ruoxu
inclusive
Chen Ziang
One of the revolutionary figures in poetry and prose
Author of the nostalgic poem "Deng Youzhou Taiwan Song"
prosperous Tang Dynasty
Li Bai
The courtesy name is Taibai, and the name is Qinglian Jushi. greatest romantic poet
Shixian (relegated immortal), poetic style is bold and elegant
Du Fu
The courtesy name is Zimei, and he calls himself Shaoling Yelao.
His poems are called the history of poetry
three officials
"Xin'an Official"
"Stone Hauler"
"Tongguan Officials"
Three farewells
"Wedding Farewell"
"No Home"
"Farewell"
The master in the history of poetry development is called the Saint of Poetry
landscape pastoral school
Wang Wei
Poetry Buddha, whose poetry is characterized by "the combination of movement and stillness"
The courtesy name is Mojie, the name is Mojie Layman.
Su Shi praised him as "there are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings".
Meng Haoran
Commoner poet, nicknamed Haoran, nicknamed Mengshanren
Frontier Poetry School
Wang Changling
Zi Shaobo
Seven Holy Hands
The Poet Emperor (Poet Emperor Wang Jiangning), whose poems are mainly patriotic
High fitness
The poetic style is majestic and tragic
Become a Marquis and make progress actively
Cen Shen
Cen Jiazhou
Write about the exotic scenery of the frontier fortress and reflect the positive and optimistic spirit
Middle Tang Dynasty
Yuanbai Poetry School (serving politics)
New Yuefu Movement
Movement slogan: Articles are written together to suit the occasion, songs and poems are written together to suit the occasion.
Yuan Zhen
New Yuefu Poems
"Yuanshi Changqing Collection" Yuanhe Style
Bai Juyi
The courtesy name is Lotte and the name is Xiangshan Jushi.
The Tang Dynasty has the most poetry
Han and Meng Poetry School (advocates protesting when injustice occurs and serving politics)
Han Yu
The word Tuizhi is known as Han Changli in the world.
The poetic style is bold and majestic, using words as poetry (allusion)
mengjiao
Bard
Zi Dongye
mengshi hanbi
Jia Dao
Called himself "Jieshi Mountain Man", known as Shi Nu
As famous as Meng Jiao, later generations described his poetic style as "Jiao Han Dao Slim".
Li He
Poetry Ghost
Changji body
Liu Yuxi
Shihao
Together with Bai Juyi, he is also known as "Liu Bai"
Together with Liu Zongyuan, they are also called "Liu Liu"
Four Heroes of the Late Tang Dynasty
Li Shangyin
love poems, untitled poems
Niu-Li party struggle (sectarian struggle for power within the ruling group)
Niu Dang: A bureaucratic group with a background in the imperial examination. They belong to common landowners and have a humble family background. They study hard in a poor window.
Li Dang: He comes from a wealthy family and has a prominent family background. He relied on his father’s and ancestor’s high-ranking official status to enter the officialdom.
The originator of the "Huajian School" and the originator of hazy poetry
Characteristics of poetry: careful conception, profound sustenance, clear language, precise use of allusions, and strict rhythm.
Wen Tingyun
Original name Qi, courtesy name Feiqing
The first lyricist who wrote vigorously
Duan Chengshi
Ke Gu, a famous novelist of strange stories in the late Tang Dynasty
Short story collection "Youyang Zazu"
Lu Xun commented that "Youyang Zazu" "covers a wide range of topics, so there are many rare things", and is "competing with the legendary novels of the Tang Dynasty".
Du Mu
Fan Chuan layman
chant epic
Tang Wen (prose)
Classical prose movement (against parallel prose)
Han Yu
The word Tuizhi is known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world.
Du's poetry and Hanbi, the rise and fall of the Eight Dynasties of Literature (Su Shi), the first of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties
Du Shi: Poems by Du Fu
Han Bi: Articles by Han Yu
"The Master", "The Horse"
Liu Zongyuan
Zihou, also known as "Liu Hedong"
The works are mainly fables
"Three Commandments" satirizes and criticizes ugly phenomena
Landscape Travel Notes "Eight Notes of Yongzhou" (Encounters in Sojourn)
novel
Yuan Zhen's "The Story of Yingying" (literary genre is legend)
Signs of maturity in ancient novels
Tang Chuanqi
Bianwen
Folk rap art (storytelling)
Influenced the creation of story-telling novels in the Song Dynasty
Tang and Five Dynasties Ci
Huajian Ci School ("Huajian Collection" by Zhao Chongzuo of the Later Shu Dynasty)
Wen Tingyun
Wen Bajia
The first poet dedicated to "writing lyrics based on sound"
The originator of the Huajian Ci School
His writing skills are as famous as those of Li Shangyin and Duan Chengshi. They are all ranked sixteenth, so they are collectively called "Thirty-Six Styles".
Wei Zhuang
A long narrative poem "Qin Fu Yin"
Poet of the Southern Tang Dynasty
"Two Main Poems of the Southern Tang Dynasty"
Li Jing (center protagonist)
Li Yu (Later Master)
The emperor of Ci through the ages, he described the ruin of his country and his family, and achieved his greatest achievements during the Five Dynasties period.
Wang Guowei commented that "when he came to Li Houzhu, his vision began to expand, his emotions became deeper, and he changed his poems from those of a lingong to those of a scholar-bureaucrat."
Feng Yansi
Poet of the Southern Tang Dynasty
Representative work "Yangchun Collection"
Literature of the Two Song Dynasties
Song lyrics
early words
For the Yan family (Ya family, literati family)
Yan Shu
Zi Tongshu
The first ancestor of the Yisheng family in the Northern Song Dynasty (promoting the prosperity of Song poetry)
Ouyang Xiu
His courtesy name is Uncle Yong, his nickname is Drunkard, and his late nickname is Liuyi Jushi.
Shu Jun opens the door to Zizhan, deep and graceful opens Shaoyou
Graceful school
Liu Yong
The first lyricist in the Northern Song Dynasty who specialized in writing lyrics
The first poet in the Song Dynasty to comprehensively innovate Song poetry
Characteristics: slow words with long tone, popular and market-oriented
Ye Mengde of the Southern Song Dynasty commented on Liu Yong, "Anywhere with well water can sing Liu Yong's lyrics."
Li Qingzhao
Between the two Song dynasties, he was named Yi'an Jushi and Sanshou poet.
Yi'an style (easy to understand) theory - Ci is a family, Ci and poetry are different, the country is destroyed and the family is destroyed
Zhu Shuzhen and Li Qingzhao are both known as "the two best poets"
Qin Guan
Northern Song Dynasty, courtesy name Shaoyou, nickname Huaihai Jushi
Wanyue's sect, one of the four scholars of Su family
Collection of Works "Huaihai Ci"
Zhou Bangyan
Northern Song Dynasty, Muslim layman
The author of the collection of Wanyue Ci, "Lao Du in Ci"
Fourth Bachelor of Sumen
Huang Tingjian
Qin Guan
Chao Buzhi
Zhang Lei
Bold and unrestrained
Su Shi
Zi Zhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi; a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty who used poetry as a ci (preface and allusion) to break the traditional concept that poetry is superior to ci and inferior to ci.
The turning point was the Wutai Poetry Case (because the poem satirized Wang Anshi's reform)
Broad-minded thinking, philosophy of life
Xin Qiji
The courtesy name is You'an and the nickname is Jiaxuan; he was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty and is known as the Dragon in Ci.
The text is used as the word (the composition and discussion of the prose), and the content is patriotism and resistance to the Jin Dynasty (diversified styles)
Among the poets of the Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji has the most preserved lyrics (Xin Qiji has more than 630 existing lyrics, ranking first among the writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Pay attention to distinguishing him from Lu You, who also wrote many but few have survived)
Xin Qiji and Li Qingzhao were both known as "Jinan Er'an"
Song poetry
Northern Song Dynasty Jiangxi Poetry School (emphasis on the use of allusions, the greatest influence)
Ancestor
Du Fu
The courtesy name is Zimei, and he calls himself Shaoling Yelao.
At the end of the Song Dynasty, Fang Hui called Du Fu the "sect" of the school of poetry because most members of the school of poetry studied it.
three sects
Huang Tingjian
Valley style, poetic style belongs to the four scholars of Sumen
Chen Shidao
Chen Yuyi
The first poetry school with a formal name in the history of Chinese literature
The Four Great Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty and Zhongxing/The Four Great Poets of the Southern Song Dynasty
Lu You
The concept of calligraphy, the title of "Fang Weng"; patriotism and resistance to the Jin Dynasty, the most popular poems in the history of literature
With Du Fu as the body and Li Bai as the function (a bold and unrestrained style that reflects reality)
His works include "Jiannan Poetry Draft"
Said he had "ten thousand poems in sixty years"
Yang Wanli
The courtesy name is Tingxiu and the nickname is Chengzhai.
Chengzhai style (natural poetry) style; lively and natural
Fan Chengda
The courtesy name is Zhineng. In his early years, he called himself the layman of this mountain, and later he was called the layman of Shihu.
Pastoral poetry, the master of ancient pastoral poetry (all aspects of rural areas)
Especially vast
The courtesy name is Yanzhi, the nickname is Sui at the beginning, and the later name is Lexi.
The style of poetry is simple, natural, clear and fresh
Song Wen
Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties
Han Yu
The character Tuizhi is known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world.
Expansion: Official to Minister of History, fourth grade
Liu Zongyuan
Zihou, also known as "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong".
Because he died as the governor of Liuzhou, he was also known as "Liu Liuzhou" and "Liu Yuxi"
Expansion: from official to rites minister, wailang, sixth grade
Ouyang Xiu
His courtesy name is Uncle Yong, his nickname is Drunkard, and his late nickname is Liuyi Jushi.
Expansion: Official to participate in political affairs, second grade
Wang Anshi
The courtesy name is Jiefu and the nickname is Banshan.
Expansion: Official to participate in political affairs, second grade
Lenin praised Wang Anshi as "China's eleventh-century reformer"
Su Xun
The courtesy name is Mingyun, and it is said that he calls himself Laoquan.
Expansion: The highest position is Secretary and Provincial Secretary, Ninth Grade (evaluation, Junior Section Member of the National Library, not as good as Tao Yuanming)
Su Shi
The courtesy name is Zizhan, also the courtesy name is Hezhong; his nickname is Dongpo layman, Tieguan Taoist; he is known as Su Dongpo, Su Xian and Po Xian in the world.
Expansion: Official to Minister of Rites, third grade
Su Che
The courtesy name is Ziyou, the same as uncle; the nickname is Dongxuan Elder.
Expansion: Official to Taizhong doctor, fourth grade
Zeng Gong
The courtesy name is Zigu, known as Mr. Nanfeng in the world.
Expansion: Official to Zhongshu Sheren, fifth grade
Four Great Masters of Eternal Articles
Han Yu (Ruchao)
Liu Zongyuan (Ruquan)
Ouyang Xiu (Rulan)
Su Shi (like the sea)
The Poetry and Prose Reform Movement of the Northern Song Dynasty (the continuation of the Classical Prose Movement of the Tang Dynasty), the retro-innovation trend of thought
Ouyang Xiuwei leader
His courtesy name is Yongshu, his nickname is Drunkard, and his late name is Liuyi Jushi; his posthumous title is "Wenzhong"
He is the author of "The Collection of Ouyang Wenzhong" and "The Drunkard Pavilion"
The founder of prose in the Song Dynasty, the aesthetic style of prose is Liuyi Fengshen (the aesthetic style of Ouyang Xiu's prose in the Northern Song Dynasty)
Wang Anshi is the promoter
The courtesy name is Jiefu and the nickname is Banshan.
The poetic style of Wang Jinggong was strong in politics in the early period, and he wrote more about landscapes in the later period. The turning point was the resignation of Prime Minister after the failure of the reform movement.
It is advocated that articles should be useful to the world and be practical (practical function)
The philosophical essays include "A Journey to Bao Chan Mountain" and "Shang Zhongyong"
history books
Two Sima in History
Sima Guang
"Zizhi Tongjian" (chronological history book)
Sima Qian
Ouyang Xiu
"New History of the Five Dynasties" (one of the Twenty-Four Histories), a biographical history
Literature of the Yuan Dynasty (the Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty in which ethnic minorities were unified)
Yuan Opera (Miscellaneous Opera)
Four Masters of Yuan Opera
Guan Hanqing (China’s Shakespeare)
The first of the four great masters of Yuan Opera, Qusheng
work
"The Injustice of Dou E" (public case drama)
"Single Sword Club" (historical drama)
Ma Zhiyuan (Qu Zhuangyuan)
Ma Shenxian, Qu Zhuangyuan, the ancestor of Qiu Si
The works "Autumn in the Han Palace" and "Tears of a Green Shirt" are both fictional history
Zheng Guangzu
At that time, the play was "famous all over the world and popular in the boudoir"
"A Chinese Story of a Lost Soul" (romance drama)
Bai Pu
Themes include historical legends
The plot is mostly about talents and romance
"The Horse on the Wall" (Romance Drama)
"Wutong Rain" Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, from "Song of Everlasting Sorrow"
Wang Shifu
"The Romance of the West Chamber", the masterpiece of Yuan Dynasty dramas, has beautiful and elegant language
Originally from the legendary novel "The Story of Yingying" by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty, it was adapted from "The Romance of the West Chamber" ("Dong Xixiang") by Dong Jieyuan of the Jin Dynasty.
Ji Junxiang
"The Orphan of Zhao", Voltaire adapted it into "The Orphan of China" (the earliest Chinese opera work introduced to Europe)
Wang Guowei called it the most tragic, and "The Injustice of Dou E"
Yuan drama
Four major Chinese classical dramas
Yuan Dynasty, "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu
Ming Dynasty, "The Peony Pavilion" by Tang Xianzu (China's Shakespeare)
Qing Dynasty, "The Palace of Eternal Life" by Hong Sheng
Qing Dynasty, Kong Shangren's "The Peach Blossom Fan"
Four Classic Chinese Tragedies
Yuan Dynasty, "Dou E's Injustice" by Guan Hanqing
Yuan, "The Orphan of Zhao" by Ji Junxiang
Qing Dynasty, Kong Shangren's "The Peach Blossom Fan"
Qing Dynasty, "The Palace of Eternal Life" by Hong Sheng
Four major love dramas of the Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Zaju, "Moon Worship Pavilion" by Guan Hanqing
Yuan Dynasty, "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Wang Shifu
Yuan Dynasty, Bai Pu's "The Horse on the Wall"
Yuan, Zheng Guangzu's "A Chinese Girl Leaving the Soul"
Southern Opera (Southern, legendary drama)
Four Legendary Dramas of Ming Dynasty
"Moon Worship Pavilion" (Shi Hui)
"The Story of Jing Chai"
"White Rabbit"
"Killing a Dog"
Gao Ming's "Pipa Chronicles" The Ancestor of Southern Opera
Known as the "ancestor of legend"
North West Chamber, South Pipa ("The Story of the West Chamber", "The Story of Pipa")
Yuan Sanqu - Ci Yu, Yuefu, similar in form to poetry and Ci
Yuefu
Yuefu Poems
Poems of the Han Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties
Song Dynasty Ci Ci
Yuan Dynasty Zhi Sanqu
Sanqu classification
Suite
Also known as "taoshu", "santao" or "daling", it is a multi-piece song
Xiao Ling
a piece of music
Such as "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts"
Known as the ancestor of Qiu Si
It is a band-like song, between Xiaoling and Taoshu.
theme
Retreat from the world, the customs of men and women
Representative writer
Ma Zhiyuan's "Dongli Yuefu"
Zhang Yanghao
"Yuanzhuang Yuefu"
"Shanshan Sheep·Tong cares about the ancient times" (famous sentence: prosperity means the people suffer; death means the people suffer)
Ming Dynasty Literature
Prose (plain text) [The content here is questionable, the answer comes from the language model, it is recommended to ask the teacher in offline get out of class]
majestic style
Six Dynasties School
The first seven sons
Mostly bureaucrats
Pay attention to the literary talent and rhetoric of the article, sometimes involving politics and history
The seventh son (Zongchen)
Most of them were Jiangnan scholar-bureaucrats
Pay attention to the interest and charm of the article, and sometimes express personal feelings and ambitions
Tang and Song Dynasties
Slogan "Writing must be from the Qin and Han Dynasties, poetry must be from the prosperous Tang Dynasty", patriarchal prose from the Tang and Song Dynasties (paying more attention to the content and ideas of the article)
Representative figure Gui Youguang (known as "Today's Ouyang Xiu", number one in explicit texts)
Ancient Chinese school
Essays in the late Ming Dynasty (life-oriented, personal, writing about the daily life of literati)
Public Security Faction (opposed to retrospection and advocated innovation)
Yuan Hongdao
Emphasis on individuality and natural emotions, and put forward the slogan of "expressing one's own spirit without sticking to stereotypes"
The prose style is fresh and lively, free and clear, full of contemporary and individual color
His works include "Evening Tour of Six Bridges to Wait for the Moon" (West Lake), and the most famous one is "Dream Seeking the West Lake"
Yuan Zhongdao
Yuan Zongdao
Jingling School (the continuation of Gongan School theory "Zhong Tan Style")
Zhong Xing
Tan Yuanchun
Zhang Dai
Known as the "Master of Sketch"
"West Lake Half July" (the highest achievement among late Ming Dynasty sketches)
novel
novel
Four Wonderful Books
Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" (Supporting Liu and Defending Cao)
a historical romance novel
Luo Guanzhong is known as the "originator of chapter novels" in China
Shi Naian's "Water Margin"
A heroic romance novel
Wu Chengen's "Journey to the West"
A novel about gods and demons
Lan Ling smiled and sang "The Plum in the Golden Vase"
The first of the four great books
The first novel originally created by a literati and the first work of resilience
The first worldly romance novel
short story
Feng Menglong's "Three Words"
"Famous Quotes"
"Warning Words"
"Eternal Words to Awaken the World"
Ling Shuchu's "second shot"
"Surprise at the First Moment"
"Surprise at the Second Moment"
Ming Opera——Legendary Opera
Linchuan School (emphasis on interest)
Tang Xianzu (China's Shakespeare)
Author of Four Dreams of Linchuan (Four Dreams of Yumingtang)
"The Peony Pavilion" (the proud work that established his literary status)
"The Purple Hairpin"
"The Story of Handan"
"Nan Ke Ji"
Wujiang School (accented temperament)
Shen Jing
Xu Wei
His "Nan Ci Narrative" is the first theoretical work on Nan opera (legendary drama)
His "Four-Sounding Monkey" is the highest achievement of Ming Dynasty drama creation.
Qing Dynasty Literature
Prose (Qingwen)
Tongcheng School
The Fourth Ancestor of Tongcheng
Dai Mingshi (Tongcheng Pioneer)
Fang Bao (founder of Tongcheng)
Yao Nai
Liu Dakui
novel
"Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin (a long chapter vernacular novel)
The pinnacle of ancient novels
Wu Jingzi's "The Scholars" (a long vernacular novel)
The pinnacle of ancient satirical novels
Lu Xun believed that the ideological content of the book "upholds the public spirit and points out the ills of the times"
Hu Shi believed that its artistic features can be called "refined and refined"
Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio"
The pinnacle of short stories in classical Chinese
Called by Lu Xun the four major condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty
Li Baojia's "The Appearance of Officialdom"
Wu Jianren's "The Strange Current Situation I've Witnessed for Twenty Years"
Liu E's "Lao Can's Travels"
"Nie Haihua" by Zeng Pu
Qing Opera (Legendary Opera) - Nanhong and Beikong
Hong Sheng's "Palace of Eternal Life"
Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei
Kong Shangren's "Peach Blossom Fan"
Hou Fangyu and Li Xiangjun (Hou Fangyu, author of "The Biography of Ma Ling")
modern and contemporary literature
literary groups
Literary Research Society
Founded in Beijing in 1921 (the earliest and largest), well-known members include Bing Xin
purpose
Research Introduction to World Literature
Organize old Chinese literature
create new literature
Creation Society (advocating freedom)
Guo Moruo (poetry, drama, patriotic writer)
One of the founders of new Chinese poetry
One of the founders of Chinese historical drama
One of the oracle bone schools
Yu Dafu
Achievement
patriotic writer
Revolutionary Martyrs (during the Anti-Japanese War)
Argues that literary works are all autobiographies of writers
The first writer in the history of Chinese new literature to publish a diary while still alive
work
"Falling" (autobiographical nature)
Novel creation
"past"
"BoDian"
"Chi Osmanthus"
Prose writing
"Hand Marks Everywhere"
"Xian Shu"
Editor-in-Chief of "Creation Quarterly"
Representative of "New Sensationism"
A literary genre in the history of modern Chinese literature that emerged in the mid-1930s
The main characteristics are to highlight personal feelings and emphasize self-awareness.
The main characteristics are emphasizing subjectivity and emotion, paying attention to the exploration of the depths of the soul and the description of the inner world, advocating the combination of realism and realism, and advocating the combination of art and social change.
crescent society
Liang Shiqiu (prose)
life
First authority on Shakespeare
Advocates that literature is ultra-utilitarian (does not serve politics) "The literary movement since ancient times advocates that literature serves politics."
Fierce conflict with left-wing writer (Lu Xun) ("The Lost Lackey of the Capitalist")
Liang Shiqiu and Wen Yiduo established the Tsinghua Literary Society while studying at Tsinghua University.
work
Translated "Shakespeare's Dramas"
"Yashe Essays" established its position in the history of prose
Wen Yiduo (writing poetry)
Poet, democracy fighter (assassinated by the Kuomintang)
Xu Zhimo (writing poetry)
Outlook on life: Pursue love, freedom and ideal beauty
Left-wing Writers Union (Communist Party)
Representative writers include Lu Xun, Contradiction
Its purpose is to compete with the Kuomintang for cultural positions
Beijing-style novels (created in Beijing and Tianjin)
Shen Congwen
The first author of Beijing novels
Xiangxi literature (native novels) - idealistic
work
Editor of Tianjin's "Ta Kung Pao"
Novels
"Border Town" (Ideal Peach Blossom Land) Cuicui
"Long River" (Realistic Dark Society) Yaoyao
collection of essays
"Short Notes on a Journey to Hunan"
"Western Hunan"
"Autobiography of Cong Wen"
Zhou Zuoren (Japanese wife)
Founder of the Literary Research Association
Translator
Native novels (before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China)
Yam and egg pie
Zhao Shuli "Xiao Erhei's Marriage" (Life in the Liberated Areas)
Lotus Lake School
"Lotus Lake" by Sun Li (Life in the Anti-Japanese War Zone)
modern and contemporary writers
Lu Xun
Achievement
founder of modern literature
The founder of rural novels (criticizing national character, ignorance, and feudalism)
The founder of essays
The writer who occupied the largest territory on the cultural map of East Asia in the 20th century
work
Collection of essays "Grave" etc.
The first vernacular short story in the history of modern literature, "Diary of a Madman"
The Great Beginning of Modern Novel "The Scream"
Prose poetry collection "Weeds", "New Stories"
Zang Kejia's work "Someone" in memory of Lu Xun
Mao Dun
Former name Shen Dehong
Achievement
Pioneer of the New Culture Movement
Founder of Chinese revolutionary literature and art
Mao Dun Literature Award
work
eclipse trilogy
"Disillusionment"
"shake"
"Pursue"
Rural Trilogy
"Spring Silkworm"
"autumn harvest"
"Winter"
novel
"Midnight"
short story
"Lin's Shop"
Bing Xin
Achievement
Problem novel: What is life?
Claim: Human love transforms irrational society
work
"Two Families" (problem novel)
"For Young Readers" (the founder of children's literature)
poetry collection
"Stars"
"Spring Water"
The writing style is Bingxin style
Zhu Ziqing
The original name was Zihua, but later it was renamed Ziqing, with the courtesy name Peixian.
Achievement
Not eating American relief food (national integrity)
work
The first collection of works "Traces"
The first collection of essays "Back View"
writing style
Concise language and beautiful writing (true feelings)
Ba Jin
His original name was Li Yaotang. He was the first to accept the influence of Russian populism; his early thoughts were Russian populism (anarchism).
Anarchism: a Western philosophical trend; a society without any political authority and absolute freedom
Representative figures of anarchism: Bakunin, Kropotkin
Achievement
Known as "the conscience of Chinese literature in the twentieth century"
Won the title of "People's Writer"
work
"Love Trilogy"
"fog"
"rain"
"electricity"
"The Riptide Trilogy"
"Home"
An important work that established Ba Jin's position in the history of modern Chinese literature (originally titled "Torrent")
figure
Gao Juexin: eldest son
Qian Meifen: Cousin; Gao Juexin’s first love. Because Juexin could not resist family pressure, she ended up being widowed, lonely, and depressed.
Li Ruiyu: Wife; victimized by old family superstitions, forced to give birth far away from the Gao family, and eventually died of dystocia
Gao Juemin: second brother
Elope with Qin (cousin Zhang Yunhua)
Gao Juehui: third brother
Mingfeng: fell in love with Gao Juehui; but Mrs. Gao promised to give her to Feng Leshan, who was 60 or 70 years old, as his concubine. He bravely resisted and committed suicide by throwing herself into the lake.
"spring"
"Autumn"
"The Human Trilogy"
"Cold Night"
Ba Jin's last novel in his life is known as the "civilian epic"
characters in book
Male protagonist Wang Wenxuan
The heroine Zeng Shusheng
"Relaxation Garden"
Yang Laosan, Yao Guodong
"Fourth Ward"
Diary novel (partly based on real things that happened)
"Revolutionary Trilogy"
"Destruction"
Ba Jin's debut novel
Main characters: Du Daxin, Li Jingshu
"Dead Sun"
"newborn"
"Anti-Japanese War Trilogy"
"fire"
"Feng Wenshu"
"Tian Huishi"
Writing "Random Thoughts" after the Cultural Revolution
In his later years, Ba Jin reflected on history, analyzed himself, and pursued the truth.
Known as "the big book that tells the truth"
It records the disaster Ba Jin caused during the Cultural Revolution and the resulting distortion of his personality.
Editor-in-Chief of "Literary Quarterly" (where "Thunderstorm" was published)
Short story collection "Gods, Ghosts and Humans"
collection of essays
"Confession of Life"
"Dragon·Tiger·Dog"
Text "Elke's Light"
"Journey Essay"
Lao She
Former name Shu Qingchun
Achievement
The first recipient of the title of "People's Artist"
The founder of Beijing-flavored novels
Everyone in modern novels
work
The content is mainly based on the secular life of Beijing citizens.
The theme of the article is criticism of national character and reflection on traditional culture
The purpose of creation: for life, to improve life, to awaken
Qian Zhongshu
scholar, writer
work
collection of essays
"Written on the Edge of Life"
A masterpiece in ancient Chinese script
"Guan Zhen"
short story collection
"Man·Beast·Ghost"
"Fortress Besieged" (Novel)
Satire (the life of intellectuals during the Anti-Japanese War)
Known as "New Confucian Foreign History"
Ai Qing
Achievement
China Left-wing Artists Alliance
poet playing reed flute
A writer who pursues light all his life
The Anti-Japanese War period was the climax of his poetry creation
Adhere to the path of integrating Chinese and Western poetics
work
In 1933, he wrote his famous work "Dayanhe—My Nanny"
In 1936, the first collection of poems "Dayan River" was published
Zhu Guangqian
Esthetician
Founder of modern Chinese aesthetics
Drama - Imported products (ideas, objects, languages, etc. introduced into the country from foreign countries), after the May Fourth Movement
Guo Moruo (historical drama)
During the Anti-Japanese War
"Wang Zhaojun"
"Qu Yuan"
After the founding of the People's Republic of China
"Cai Wenji"
Lao She
Beijing Citizen Life "Teahouse" and "Longxugou"
Chunliushe
Founded in Tokyo in 1906
Members Li Shutong, Ouyang Yuqian
"Uncle Tom's Cabin" (adapted from "Uncle Tom's Cabin")
Drama—(Foreign) Exotics, After the May Fourth Movement
Cao Yu (Chinese Shakespeare)
The founder of modern drama and the symbol of maturity of modern drama
Influenced by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen's "social problem play" "A Doll's House"
Drama works
"Thunderstorm" (Part 1) was published in "Literary Quarterly" hosted by Ba Jin
"Thunderstorm" is hailed as the cornerstone of realism in Chinese dramas
It tells the tragedy of Zhou Puyuan, a feudal bourgeois family.
"Sunrise" (urban exploitation)
The fragment is written as "the loss is not enough, but there is more than enough"
The nature of society, a society where people eat people
Main character Chen Bailu
"The Wilderness"
Expose the darkness of feudal society
Thoughts on China’s Modern Rural Areas
"Home"
Adapted from Ba Jin’s novel
Poetry (Vernacular Poetry)
Tryer
Hu Shi's "Anthology", the first collection of vernacular poems
Symbolism
Li Jinfa
liberal
Guo Moruo's "Goddess" (Patriotic), the foundation of new poetry
July Party (symbolism)
Hu Feng edits "July" magazine (salvation and enlightenment)
Metricalists (Crescentists)
Representative Xu Zhimo
Wen Yiduo
Put forward the idea of three beauties
Musical beauty
beauty of painting
architectural beauty
work
"Red Candle"
"Still water"
Modernism (patriotism, symbolism)
Evolved from Metricalism and Symbolism
Dai Wangshu
Achievement
"Rain Alley Poet"
Modern Poetry School "Leader of Poetry School"
work
"Rain Alley"
The collection of poems "My Memory" is the starting point of the modern poetry school
Three Poets of Hanyuan
poet
Bian Zhilin
He Qifang
Li Guangtian
work
"Hanyuan Collection"
"Collection of Several Lines" by Bian Zhilin
He Qifang's "Collection of Yan Ni"
"The Gathering of Traveling Clouds" by Li Guangtian
"Fragment" by Bian Zhilin (You stand on the bridge and look at the scenery, and the people watching the scenery look at you upstairs. The bright moon decorates your windows, and you decorate other people's dreams)
foreign
foreign literature
Ancient Greek Literature ("Western Zhou Dynasty - Spring and Autumn and Warring States" BC)
Homeric Age (Heroic Age)
"Homeric"
According to legend, it is the collective name of two epic poems written by the ancient Greek poet Homer.
"The Iliad"
The dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon during the Trojan War
"The Odyssey" ("Odysseus")
After the fall of Troy, Odysseus returns to the kingdom on the island of Chisega and reunites with his wife Peneiro.
Compiled based on folk short songs
Great Migration Era
Fable, "Aesop's Fables" animal story satirizes people
Classical Era - Drama is divided into tragedy and comedy
tragedy
Based on myths, heroic legends, epics (tragic)
The Three Great Tragedians of Ancient Greece
Aeschylus
father of tragedy
Sophocles
Euripides
comedy
Originated from the carnival songs and dances and folk comedy performed to worship the god of wine
The Three Great Comedians of Ancient Greece
Aristophanes
father of comedy
Kratinos
Eupolis
Renaissance - 14th-16th centuries (roughly: before and after the Ming Dynasty)
Italy (origin)
Three Heroes of Florentine Literature
"Italy's greatest poet" Dante
Pioneer of the Renaissance
the last poet of the middle ages
The first poet of the new era
Work "Divine Comedy"
"hell"
"Purgatory"
"Heaven"
"Father of Humanism" Petrarch
creator of modern poetry
Sonnet (Petrarchan verse)
Work "Song Collection"
"Founder of Italian National Literature" Boccaccio
Work "The Decameron"
Known as "human music"
It is the first realistic work in the history of European literature
Spain
Cervantes
"Don Quixote"
The first modern novel in the history of Western literature
satirical chivalric literature
Created the "Don Quixote" (fantasy) character image
France
"Giant of Humanism" Rabelais
Satire, anti-feudal and church rule
"The Legend of Giants"
"Gao Kangta and Pantagruel"
U.K.
"The most outstanding dramatist in British history" Shakespeare (Shakespeare)
four tragedies
"Hamlet" (Sacrifice for Revenge)
"Othello"
"King Lear"
"Macbeth"
four major comedies
"The Merchant of Venice" (satirical drama, Shylock the miser)
"Everyone is Happy" (the concept of defeating evil with good)
"A Midsummer Night's Dream" (romantic comedy, a sign of maturity in comedy creation)
"Twelfth Night" (the end of early dramatic writing)
Drama (tragicomedy, tragedy with comic overtones)
"Romeo and Juliet"
Enlightenment - 17th-18th centuries (roughly: Qing Dynasty)
U.K.
"Father of European Novel" Defoe
"Robinson Crusoe"
Swift
Travel satirical novel "Gulliver's Travels"
Germany
Epistolary novel "The Sorrows of Young Werther"
The poetic drama "Faust" established Goethe's lofty status in the history of literature
France
Voltaire
Achievement
enlightenment leader
king of ideas
France's finest man
Europe's conscience
Work "Chinese Orphans"
Adapted from "The Orphan of Zhao" by Ji Junxiang of the Yuan Dynasty
"Encyclopaedist" Diderot
Rousseau
"Confessions" leads China's "confession literature"
The anti-feudal significance of "New Héloïse"
Russia (before the October Revolution)
Pushkin (poet)
Achievement
father of russian literature
founder of critical realism
representative of romanticism
work
"Eugene Onegin"
The foundation work of Russian realist literature
Created the first image of "superfluous man" (a man who is divorced from social reality and has lofty ideals) in Russian literature
Belinsky called it "an encyclopedia of Russian life and the most popular work"
"The Captain's Daughter"
The first realistic work in the history of Russian literature describing a peasant uprising.
"Stationmaster"
The first Russian work describing "little people" (the protagonist Samson Verin)
Gogol (close relationship with Pushkin)
Achievement
The founder of Russian realist literature
father of russian prose
work
"Dead Souls" (Polushkin, the miser)
The cornerstone of the development of Russian critical realist literature
The pinnacle of the development of Gogol's realist creation
"The Imperial Envoy" (Official Satire)
The first real comedy in Russia
An important milestone in the history of Russian realist drama
Turgenev
Achievement
19th century critical realist writer
The first writer to introduce Russian literature to the West
work
"Hunter's Notes" (famous work)
"Collection of Prose Poems" (the last part)
"Threshold" (Symbolism)
Tolstoy (born into aristocracy and established as a peasant)
Achievement
Mirror of the Russian Revolution
the most outstanding critical realist writer
Tolstoyism, religious "fraternity" thought
work
"War and Peace"
The first novel of European significance
An encyclopedic epic
Theme: Humanism and philanthropy
"resurrection"
A great work after a dramatic change in the worldview
"Anna Karenina"
"The masterpiece among masterpieces"
Chekhov
Achievement
King of short stories in the world
The last Russian master of critical realism in the late 19th century
Developed the art of Russian short stories and promoted it to the world
Works (good at depicting characters and describing details)
"The Man in the Box" ("The Man in the Box")
Created a typical image of being conservative and afraid of new things (Belikov)
"Belikov" has become a symbol of being conservative, timid and afraid of change.
"chameleon"
Created a hypocritical and flattering policeman who adapts to the situation (Ochumelov)
"Chameleon" has become synonymous with those who adapt to the changing circumstances, are good at disguise, and are opportunistic.
"distressed"
The theme is indifference
The protagonist is Yao Na
dostoyevsky
"Crime and Punishment"
Raskolnikov
Soviet (after the October Revolution) proletariat
Gorky
Achievement
founder of soviet literature
father of the proletariat
Autobiographical trilogy
"childhood"
"In the World" (Alyosha)
"My university"
The peak of creation was the novel "Mother"
Created heroic images of a group of proletarian revolutionaries fighting for socialism
The founding works of Soviet socialist realism
Sholokhov
"Quiet Don"
The protagonist is Gregory
Won the Nobel Prize for Literature
Ostrovsky
"How the Steel Was Tempered"
Created the image of Paul Korchagin, a proletarian hero
France
Molière
Achievement
founder of french ballet
representative of classical literature
creator of classic comedy
work
Satirical comedy "The Stingy Man" ("The Stingy Man")
Abagon the miser
"hypocrite"
Criticize social reality issues
Anti-feudal and anti-religious rule
Hugo
Achievement
representative of romantic literature
representative figure of humanitarianism
Known as the "Shakespeare" of France
Humanitarian Trilogy
"Notre Dame de Paris" (Opposites: Ugliness and Beauty)
Quasimodo
Esmeralda
"Les Miserables"
Jean Valjean
"Sea Labor"
Gilliat
Revolutionary theme work "1993"
Alexandre Dumas
Achievements (created a large number of popular historical narrative novels)
romantic writer
king of popular fiction
work
"The Count of Monte Cristo"
Popular historical novel, a masterpiece among the world's popular novels
"The Three Musketeers" (infighting within the ruling class)
Athos
porthos
Aramis
Alexandre Dumas (son of Alexandre Dumas)
Drama "La Traviata"
The beginning of French realist drama
humanitarian thought
Stendhal
critical realist writer
"Red and Black"
The founding work of European critical realism
Pioneering "stream of consciousness novels" and "psychological novels"
Red: Army Black: Church; Protagonist: Julien
Flaubert (student: Maupassant)
Zola called Flaubert "the father of naturalism"
The originator of the new school of fiction
The founder of modern Western novels
"Madame Bovary"
Representative works of realist literature
Marking a turning point in the history of French novels in the 19th century (writing method)
Protagonist Emma (Vanity)
Maupassant (patriotism) - Teacher: Flaubert
Achievement
critical realist writer
King of short stories in the world
work
The famous work "Ball of Suet" (Character) (Masterpiece)
Established Maupassant's position in the history of French literature
"Daddy Milon"
Flashback person interchange (first person and third person interchanged)
"necklace"
Protagonist Mathilde (Vanity)
Experience in participating in the Franco-Prussian War (9 articles, France failed)
Balzac
father of modern french novel
Founder of European critical realism literature
Realism achieves the highest level
The Human Comedy (Encyclopedia of Capitalist Society)
"Eugenie Grandet" ("Scrooge"), the miser: Grandet
Romain Rolland - "Johan Christophe" (1915 Nobel Prize for Literature)
Humanist writer, advocating abstract "love" for all mankind
Write a novel using music
"Celebrity Biography"
"Beethoven Biography" Musician
Sculptor of "The Life of Michelangelo"
"The Biography of Tolstoy" Writer
American literature, Britain
Mark Twain
Founder of American Critical Realism (humor and satire)
work
"One million pounds"
Exposes the money worship ideology of British society in the early 20th century
"Mississippi Trilogy"
"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"
"Life on the Mississippi"
"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"
O. Henry
Achievement
King of short stories in the world
manhattan essayist laureate
The father of the modern American short story
His work is known as "The Encyclopedia of American Life"
style
"A tearful smile" (the joys and sorrows of little people)
The creative style of O. Henry's novels is an organic combination of comic form and tragic connotation.
"Smile" is its comic form
O. Henry ending
Both unexpected and reasonable
The only full-length novel "Cabbage and the King"
Hemingway
Achievement
He is hailed as a spiritual monument to the American nation
Known as a tough guy in the literary world
The founder of "news body" novels
"The lost generation"
"The Sun Also Rises" (Protagonist - Bassi)
"A Farewell to Arms" (Protagonist - Rederich Henry)
The Nobel Prize in Literature
"The Old Man and the Sea"
Santiago, the "tough guy" image
Struggle outlook on life
lakeside poet
Wordsworth (romantic poet)
Achievement
British Poet Laureate (1843)
Wordsworth's line "Plain living and high thinking" serves as the motto of Keble College, Oxford University.
work
"Lyric Ballad Collection"
Created a new era of romantic poetry in the history of British literature (the beginning of the British Romantic movement)
The Preface became the manifesto of British Romanticism
A long philosophical poem "The Hermit"
"overture"
autobiographical poem
"roaming"
Coleridge (Fantasy Romantic Poetry, major Romantic poet)
Aid to Contemplation had a particular influence on American Transcendentalists
The final prose work of "The Political and Religious Constitution"
"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" musical narrative poem
Southey
"Passive Romantic" Poets
British Poet Laureate (1813)
Pioneer of the free verse movement (19th and 20th centuries)
Byron - the greatest romantic poet
A long verse novel "Don Juan" (political satire)
Based on social satire, it is a representative work of European Romantic literature.
Goethe called it "a work of supreme genius"
Created a group of "Byron"
"Pirates" Conrad
"Manfred" Manfred
The Travels of Childe Harold Harold
Bronte sisters
charlotte brontë
"Jane Eyre"
Portrait of "Poetic Life"
Autobiographical works
Create an image of a woman who dares to resist and fight for freedom and equal status
emily bronte
"Wuthering Heights"
"The strangest novel" in the history of British literature
anne brontë
"Agnes Grey" Autobiographical
Written in the first-person narrative voice of the heroine
Dickens (the greatest British writer of the 19th century)
"A Tale of Two Cities"
A long historical novel set against the backdrop of the French Revolution
Quote: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times
Twin Cities: London, Paris
"David Copperfield" (autobiographical novel)