MindMap Gallery Nudge How to make the best decisions about health, wealth and happiness
What is the most time-consuming and labor-intensive thing in our lives? It’s about making decisions big and small. However, we often fall into countless biases and irrationality and make absurd judgments. The book explains how nudges can be used to subtly guide people to make more rational choices without the need for coercion. Through this book, you will learn what nudges are and how they help us improve our intelligence and make smarter decisions.
Edited at 2024-02-06 16:50:02This infographic, created using EdrawMax, outlines the pivotal moments in African American history from 1619 to the present. It highlights significant events such as emancipation, key civil rights legislation, and notable achievements that have shaped the social and political landscape. The timeline serves as a visual representation of the struggle for equality and justice, emphasizing the resilience and contributions of African Americans throughout history.
This infographic, designed with EdrawMax, presents a detailed timeline of the evolution of voting rights and citizenship in the U.S. from 1870 to the present. It highlights key legislative milestones, court decisions, and societal changes that have expanded or challenged voting access. The timeline underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and the continuous efforts to secure voting rights for all citizens, reflecting the dynamic nature of democracy in America.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, highlights the rich cultural heritage and outstanding contributions of African Americans. It covers key areas such as STEM innovations, literature and thought, global influence of music and arts, and historical preservation. The document showcases influential figures and institutions that have played pivotal roles in shaping science, medicine, literature, and public memory, underscoring the integral role of African American contributions to society.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, outlines the pivotal moments in African American history from 1619 to the present. It highlights significant events such as emancipation, key civil rights legislation, and notable achievements that have shaped the social and political landscape. The timeline serves as a visual representation of the struggle for equality and justice, emphasizing the resilience and contributions of African Americans throughout history.
This infographic, designed with EdrawMax, presents a detailed timeline of the evolution of voting rights and citizenship in the U.S. from 1870 to the present. It highlights key legislative milestones, court decisions, and societal changes that have expanded or challenged voting access. The timeline underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and the continuous efforts to secure voting rights for all citizens, reflecting the dynamic nature of democracy in America.
This infographic, created using EdrawMax, highlights the rich cultural heritage and outstanding contributions of African Americans. It covers key areas such as STEM innovations, literature and thought, global influence of music and arts, and historical preservation. The document showcases influential figures and institutions that have played pivotal roles in shaping science, medicine, literature, and public memory, underscoring the integral role of African American contributions to society.
Nudge: How to make the best decisions about health, wealth and happiness
author
Richard Thaler
1. One of the founders of behavioral economics
2. Professor of Economics, University of Chicago
3. Won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2017
4. "Richard Thaler Trilogy"
"Boost"
"The "Wrong" Behavior"
"Winner's Curse"
How to make the best decisions about health, wealth and happiness
behavioral economics
What is behavioral economics
Allows economics, when studying people's decisions, Beyond the rational calculation of costs and benefits, Social and psychological factors must also be considered
what is nudge
free will and paternalism
1. free will
It refers to preserving people’s right to make independent decisions
2. paternalism
It refers to the process of forcing people to make decisions. Enable people to make choices that are more beneficial to them
boost
The English word for boost is Nudge
means nudge with elbow
Nudge is a combination of free will and paternalism
Meaning, use non-coercive, gentle means Encourage people to make more rational decisions
Make it mandatory for people to say no to junk food
The result could be bad
But providing vegetables to consumers at a cheaper price and more conveniently will More people will choose healthy food, which is a boost
Why we need nudges
1. How intuitive thinking affects decision-making
anchoring effect
When people make decisions, they like to choose a basis in advance. Then make a judgment based on this basis
For example
People living in prefecture-level cities with high population density, The population of other prefecture-level cities is often overestimated. Because they tend to use the population in their location as an "anchor"
Availability heuristic
When people make decisions, Often influenced by memorable events in one’s own life experience
For example
People who have experienced famine are more likely to have the habit of hoarding food
loss aversion
Affected by the intuitive system, it is difficult for people to accept the loss of a vested item
For example
The pain of losing 100 yuan is often greater than the happiness of getting 100 yuan
Blind optimism
People always underestimate their risk of being unlucky and overestimate their probability of winning the jackpot.
For example
Even if the probability of winning the lottery is very low, There are still a large number of people buying lottery tickets every year. And look forward to "getting rich overnight" through lottery
2. lack of self-control
Because we live in a society filled with temptations and opportunities for instant gratification, It is therefore difficult to develop self-control
But as long as you make good use of boosts, you can quickly achieve your goals even if you don’t have self-control.
For example
A running alarm clock can help people achieve the purpose of getting up early
3. Habitual blind obedience
People's decisions are often affected by the decisions of others
Society can control those bad effects through nudges
Channel those good influences, Just tell people, what others are doing
Boosted apps
1. details make a difference
Men's restroom at Schiphol Airport
A small black fly is carved on the inside of each urinal.
Reduces urinal splash by 80%
2. Encouragement and education
Taking advantage of loss aversion
Give your child rewards beforehand rather than after they have completed the promise
Children are more inclined to work hard to achieve goals
3. “Save more tomorrow”
It is recommended that the government deposit part of the income tax refund into personal pension accounts. Because taxpayers generally treat the tax refund they receive as windfall gains
When employees are asked to increase their salary, Use part of the increased salary to pay for corporate pensions
Dialectical thinking is the way to go
Are mainstream economics wrong?
Some of the most effective policies, Often combining standard economic policy tools with behavioral economics, We have designed very effective incentives
More evidence is still needed, To prove how effective and lasting the effects of nudge-based behavioral insights and policy interventions are
What is the most time-consuming and labor-intensive thing in our lives? It’s about making decisions big and small. However, we are often trapped in countless prejudices and irrationality. Make ridiculous judgments. The book explains how nudges can be used to subtly guide people to make more rational choices without the need for coercion. Through this book, You will learn what nudging is, and how nudges can help us become smarter, Make smarter decisions.