Syndrome of fetal health and life due to acute or chronic hypoxia in the womb

Causes: maternal factors; fetal factors; umbilical cord and placental factors

Clinical manifestations: abnormal fetal heart rate, abnormal fetal movement, amniotic fluid meconium contamination or oligohydramnios

Treatment principles: For patients with acute fetal distress, actively search for the cause and perform intrauterine resuscitation, and take intervention measures to increase the fetal blood oxygen saturation. If the condition is urgent or intrauterine resuscitation fails, cesarean section should be performed immediately. For patients with chronic fetal distress, the treatment plan is determined based on the gestational age, fetal maturity and degree of fetal hypoxia.

Nursing measures

It refers to a pathophysiological condition in which a newborn cannot establish normal breathing after birth due to various reasons during delivery, causing hypoxia and acidosis. In severe cases, it can lead to damage to multiple organs throughout the body.

The Apgar score of newborns 1 minute after birth divides the degree of suffocation into mild suffocation and severe suffocation.

Treatment principle: Focus on prevention and be prepared for recovery at any time. Immediately implement a neonatal resuscitation plan once it occurs to reduce neonatal mortality and prevent long-term sequelae.

After 20 weeks of pregnancy or during delivery, the placenta in its normal position is partially or completely detached from the uterine wall before the baby is delivered.

Causes: vascular disease in pregnant women; sudden drop in intrauterine pressure; mechanical factors; other high-risk factors (old age, multiparity, history of placental abruption, history of cesarean section, etc.)

Pathology and pathophysiology: The main pathological change is decidua basalis bleeding, forming a hematoma and causing the placenta to detach from its attachment point. It is divided into three categories: ① Overt detachment or external bleeding ② Hidden detachment or internal bleeding ③ Mixed bleeding

clinical manifestations

Impact on mother and child

The placenta is attached to the lower segment of the uterus, and its lower edge reaches or covers the internal cervical os. Placenta previa, which is located lower than the presenting part of the fetus, is a common cause of bleeding in late pregnancy.

Causes: Endometrial disease due to damage, abnormal placenta, delayed development of fertilized egg trophoblast, abnormal uterine cavity morphology, and other high-risk factors (smokers and drug addicts can cause reduced placental blood flow, hypoxia causes compensatory enlargement of the placenta, resulting in placenta previa)

Placenta previa can be divided into three categories: complete placenta previa, partial placenta previa, and marginal placenta previa.

Clinical manifestations of placenta previa: Sudden, unprovoked, painless vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy or during labor is a typical symptom of placenta previa.

Effects on pregnant women: placenta accreta, intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection

effects on the fetus, It can lead to intrauterine hypoxia in the fetus, fetal death in severe cases, and an increase in the rate of intrauterine premature birth and neonatal mortality.

Treatment principles: stop bleeding, correct anemia, prevent infection, reduce premature birth rate and perinatal mortality

Nursing assessment evaluates the maternal health history, physical and mental status, and conducts auxiliary examinations through B-ultrasound or postpartum examination of placenta and fetal membranes, electronic fetal monitoring, blood routine, coagulation function test, etc.

Nursing measures