darwin

paulson jensen

Bayer

Winter

chemical nature

People call these trace organic substances, which are produced in plants and can be transported from the production site to the site of action, and have a significant impact on the growth and development of plants, called phytohormones.

synthesis

transportation

Conveys information to cells and plays a role in regulating cell life activities

in plants

at the organ level

Auxin promotes growth when the concentration is low, and inhibits growth when the concentration is too high.

Gibberellins

cytokinin

Ethylene

abscisic acid

Brassinolide

Although the content of phytohormones in plants is very small, their role in regulating plant growth and development is very important.

Generally speaking, phytohormones regulate plant growth and development by regulating cell division, cell elongation, cell differentiation and cell death.

The growth and development of plants are shaped by the interaction of multiple hormones regulated by a regulatory network

Chemical substances synthesized artificially and regulating the growth and development of plants are called plant growth regulators

Molecular structure and physiological effects are similar to plant hormones

The molecular structure is completely different from that of plant hormones but it has similar physiological effects as plant hormones

Comprehensive considerations in selecting appropriate plant growth regulators

Pre-test

Light, temperature, and gravity are particularly important in regulating plant growth and development.

Light is the energy source for plants to perform photosynthesis

Light, as a signal, affects and regulates the entire process of plant growth and development.

Plants have molecules that receive light signals

temperature

gravity

Higher plants are highly complex organisms composed of many cells. Their normal growth and development require coordination and cooperation between various organs, tissues, and cells.

The regulation of plant growth and development is completed by the regulation of gene expression, hormone regulation and environmental factors.

Plant cells store a complete set of genes, but how the genes in a certain cell are expressed will be adjusted as needed.

The growth, development, reproduction, and dormancy of plants are all under the control of timely and selective expression of genes.

For multicellular plants, coordination between cells and between organs requires the transmission of information through hormones. Hormones, as information molecules, can affect the gene expression of cells and thus play a regulatory role. At the same time, the production and distribution of hormones are the result of gene expression regulation and are also affected by environmental factors.

At the individual level, plant growth, development, reproduction, and dormancy are actually changes in plants that respond to environmental changes, regulate gene expression, and hormone production and distribution, and are ultimately reflected in changes at the organ and individual levels.